Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Electric Cars and Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Environmental Tec
The goal of electric vehicles is to reduce air emissions associated with typical internal combustion vehicles (ICVs), thereby decreasing the emission of environmentally damaging products such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Since electric vehicles run on electricity generated from batteries and do not emit air pollutants, these vehicles are termed zero emission vehicles (ZEV). CARB mandated that ZEVs be 2% of the total automotive sales by 1998 and 10% by 2003. The push for ZEVs raises serious concerns about the environmental impacts of ZEVs due to their production and use. Is CARBââ¬â¢s push for ZEVs premature given the present state of battery technology? Will the production of ZEVs lead to unforeseen environmental destruction? Or are ZEVs the answer to our air pollution woes? This paper analyzes the feasibility of electric cars and the impacts of their production on the environment. The components of air pollution have been attributed to a number of serious health and environmental consequences. For example, air pollution can lead to eye, nose and throat irritation, as well as complications in breathing. Some chemicals in air pollution, such as benzene, cause cancer while other chemicals may cause birth defects, brain and nerve damage and long-term injury to the lungs and breathing passages. Not only does air pollution create distinct medical problems, it also creates environmental problems as well. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide are three examples of gases released into the atmosphere each year as a result of the combustion processes. Billions of pounds of pollutants are released each year from power plants and motor vehicles. These pollutants are causing serious problems for the environment. Motor... ...):10-15 Rahman, S.; de Castro, Arnulfo. 1995. Environmental Impacts of Electricity Generation: A Global Perspective. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion. 10(2): 307-312 Renner, R. 1996. Life-cycle analysis stirs continued debate on impact of electric cars. Environmental Science and Technology. 30(1):17A-18A Roque, J. A. 1995. Electric vehicle manufacturing in Southern California: local versus regional environmental hazards. Environment and Planning A. 27(6): 907-932 Savage, J. A. 1994. The Road Warriors: Utilities and Automakers Square Off on Alternative Fuel Vehicles. Business and Society Review. 88:6-8 Tucker, M. 1995. The Shocking State of Electric Car Technology. Business and Society Review. 93:44-47 http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/peg_caa/pegcaa04.html http://www.epa.gov/OMSWWW/11-vehs.htm http://www.epa.gov/oar/caa/contents.html
Monday, January 13, 2020
Background of Technology Project Essay
The Project to be studied is an implementation of a work assignment and tracking system in an IT department in a medium sized company. The IT Department before the project was started, had undergone a management change and a reorganization due to corporate cost cutting and restructuring. The previous structure of the IT organization was teams of people that support specific applications in the system, and the business users of a particular application contacted the team assigned to their application for system enhancements and support. There was no system for managing and tracking projects and tasks, and it was left to the managers of each team to handle project prioritization, assignment and tracking. This structure was changed to a pooled resource structure where IT staff people were grouped by functional areas (such as mainframe support group, pc support group, web applications, etc). The IT structure was no longer hierarchical and the work was no longer handed down in a top down approach thus creating a need for a systematic way of managing people and tasks to function effectively. SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) The Life Cycle for this particular project did not exactly match the order of the phases as described in the Systems Development Life Cycle concept. Because of the immediate reorganization of the IT organization, current projects encountered delays and the IT procedures and tasks were disrupted. This prompted a need for a quick reshuffling of work between the new groups and a quick and dirty way to manage the work at hand and incoming work until a better system is implemented. Initiation The initiation of a system (or project) begins when a business need or opportunity is identified. This happened for this project when a CIO was appointed to head the new IT organization and was asked to reduce head count by pooling the resources while at the same time still provide timely and effective service to the business users of the IT systems and applications. System Concept Development Phase In this phase of SDLC, the business need has been approved and the approaches for accomplishing the concept are reviewed for feasibility and appropriateness. Several approaches were considered for tackling the problem in the IT department. The first approach was an Excel spreadsheet to list all IT personnel and their assigned tasks but this turned out to be too cumbersome and hard for several persons to use. An in-house developed web based system was also considered and was in fact implemented but was cancelled since it was not flexible enough to handle the different tasks of the different IT groupings and the different sources of work requests. The last approach was either to buy an existing package that would fit the requirements and customize it for the IT organizationââ¬â¢s structure and procedures or develop one in-house. Planning Phase In the planning phase, the concept/approach is further developed to describe how the business will operate once the approved system is implemented, and to define project resources, activities, schedules, tools, and reviews to ensure the products and /or services provide the required capability on-time and within budget. The planning phase for this particular project was being done while simple solutions were being used and implemented since there were time constraints and something had to be in place right away. A team was assembled to look into existing applications within the company or packages out in the market that would fit the requirement and assess its flexibility and long term viability for the organization. That team also had to come up with a process flow of how work will be handled in the new IT structure to help in the use of the short-term solutions and to help in finding a long-term solution. Finally, two long term approaches were proposed. One was that of customizing the packaged software that was currently being used by the Help Desk to track PC and Mainframe work requests for PC Technicians and Mainframe Systemà Programmers, which was from a company called Remedy. The other was to develop a work flow system in-house. Requirements Analysis Phase In this phase, functional user requirements are formally defined and delineate the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The functional user requirements for this project detailed all the different tasks that an IT organization performs and the information that needs to be tracked for each such as requestor, status, assigned IT person etc. One of the main requirements gathered was that of accessibility of the work flow system. Different people will be entering work requests such as business users and help desk personnel and the user interface and performance requirements for the two types would be far different. So the chosen system should have flexible interfaces and need to communicate work status and results back to the requester in a medium that is accessible company wide. Another main requirement is that the system can be implemented quickly and should be flexible enough to easily add features in the future. Design The physical characteristics of the system are designed during this phase. For this project, after reviewing the requirements, the only option that would work was an out of the box solution such as the Remedy Action Request System. Since it was already being used by the Help Desk team, it has already proven itself as a flexible and reliable system to use. As a help desk software it allows entry of work request, assigns work, allows a way to log the progress of a request and stores all the history regarding a request. Design was simply a matter of finding out the customizable options and features in Remedy and designing it for the different IT groups formed. Since help desk work was different as compared to application development work, two type of request were designed and one was for support/problems and one was an enhancement to the system or major project that have subtasks andà involved lots of people with different roles and responsibilities. For the IT staff a client server platform was needed for faster execution, and for accessibility and ease of use, a simple web-based interface was designed for the business users since they donââ¬â¢t need to see too much detail. Since company wide communications was done through email, work assignment, status and results need to be communicated through this medium. Development, Integration , Test and Implementation Phase The four phases for this project was combined into one because of the time constraints and since it was a packaged software approach and the main components no longer needed development and testing. Most of the development involved loading tables that the package uses such as logon ids, departments, user data etc, and the customization of the user interfaces. The necessary components of Remedy were installed and hooked up with the web servers and the email system. Before final rollout, it was given a trial basis by one representative in each IT group and finalized based on the recommendations of each representative. Once the work flow system was ready, the IT staff were trained on how to use it and how work should flow through the organization. Conclusion The project as a whole went through a couple of cycles of the SDLC due to different implementations. But the final result was relatively successful since it incorporated the ideas that Trepper suggested in his article ââ¬Å"Getting an edge on the competitionâ⬠which was about process management. According to Trepper, process management â⬠should also cover the establishment of actual development phases and activities, creation of a workflow among participants, and selection and implementation of tools and techniques best suited to the task.â⬠This was accomplished by the Remedy AR system. The customized Remedy AR System also incorporated the two principal source of best practices as listed by Trepper which is industry best practice and onesà developed within the company. The Remedy AR System already had the industry best practice since it is a widely used system and the company best practices were incorporated through the customization of the system based on recommendations of the different IT groups.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
How To Make a Prototype
Before 1880, every inventor had to present a working model or prototype of his or her invention to the patent office as part of the patent application. You do not have to submit a prototype anymore, however, prototypes are great for several reasons. Legally a prototype proves what is called a reduction to practice. The United States used to hold theà first to invent rule, granting a patent to the first inventor who conceives and reduces the technology or invention to practice, for example, a working prototype or a well-written description. Today the United States follows the first to patent rule. However, a prototype is invaluable for business dealings if your invention is still at that stage of funding. Do not underestimate the power of having one.You can include photos of your prototype in your inventors log book.A prototype helps you figure out any design flaws your invention has and if it really works.It can help you make sure your invention is the right size, shape, and form.A prototype helps you sell or license an invention. You can use it during demonstrations.Making one can prepare you to write your patent application and make your patent drawings. How to Make a Prototype Some of the steps listed below apply in different ways to different types of inventions, for example, a simple wooden toy vs a complex electronic device. Use your common sense to apply the steps in ways that make sense to your individual case. Make a drawing(s) of your invention. If available use the descriptions or drawing from your inventors log book. Keep all the sketches in your logbook.If you know how you might want to make a CAD drawing of your invention. Simple CAD (computer-aided design) programs exist that you might be able to use yourself.Make a non-working model of your invention out of foam, wood, metal, paper, cardboard. This will test your inventions size and form.Make or plan how to make a working model of your invention. Depending on your invention, you might be casting in metal or plastic. Write down all the materials, supplies and tools you may need and identify the steps needed to assemble your prototype. You might need simple to complex engineering drawings for any electronics. At this stage, you might want to pick up a book or kit on prototyping. You might need to contact professional for quotes on what any work you need to be done will cost.You have to figure out how much a working prototype will cost to make. Remember one copy might be very expensive to make. Mass production brings down the cost per unit. If you can make your own prototype and you can afford it, do it.Do your research on the latest methods and alternatives. For example, plastic injection molds are expensive, however, a method of CAD called Rapid Prototyping is an alternative.Depending on your invention, your prototype might be very expensive to make. If that is the case you might want to produce a virtual prototype. Today, computer programs can simulate an invention in 3D and can test that an invention does work. Virtual prototypes can be made by a professional and they cost a thousand or more. They can make you a video or CD animation of your invention working.You may have to create a real working model of your invention if perhaps a buyer or licensee demands one.You may have to hire a professional prototyper, engineer or designer at some point in this process. Our Prototyping Resources includes directories of professionals. Before Hiring a Prototype Maker Discuss your project thoroughly. Make sure that you can communicate well to this person.In advance, agree on fees for the entire project. Prototype makers can charge very high fees by the hour.Tell them exactly what you want to include with as many details as possible. Include your drawings and possibly your virtual prototype files.Make sure anyone you talk to signs a nondisclosure agreement with you before you publicly disclose your invention.
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Puritanism Vs Deism - 1489 Words
In the mid to late 17th century, New England settlers were attempting to break away from Britain and begin a new society. They wanted to reinvent their own culture, govern themselves, and begin what they hoped would one day become a prosperous nation. One thing they wanted to have the liberty of practicing was religion, and having the choice of which particular religions they wished to follow. Puritanism and Deism were two different religions that were practiced in 17th century New England, and the differences between them sometimes were grounds for confrontations and conflict. The Puritan standpoint depicted in the works of John Winthrop, Michael Wigglesworth, John Dane, and Mary Rowlandson, and the Deist views of Benjamin Franklinâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This statement shows Franklin s view of our Creator, which is the belief that no evil existed in the world, so humans were not created with the notion that they are unworthy and undeserving of God s grace. Franklin goes on to say, And therefore every Creature must be equally esteem d by the Creator (Franklin, 27). According to Deists, their God was not a biased God, and every human was created equal, with no one having a better chance to make it to heaven than others. The Puritan and Deist views on afterlife are also an area where these two religions are not in sync with one another. Puritans believed in the concept of predestination, meaning that it was determined whether one was going to spend afterlife in heaven or hell at the time of their creation. In Day of Doom, Michael Wigglesworth, a minister in Massachusetts during the 17th century, explains how there will come a day when Christ returns to earth to judge who will be destined for heaven or doomed to hell. He writes that Christ explains to those who are being sent to hell deserve their eternal punishment, despite the fact that it was a foregone conclusion due to the fact that it had been predetermined. He also explains that in order to accept the offer of God s salvation, one must be able to comprehend the meaning of such an offer. This puts certain members of society at an obvious advantage over others. For example, a middle-aged white male who has had some degree of education would surel y
Friday, December 20, 2019
Sex, Marriage, and Family Revision Paper - 901 Words
Sex, Marriage, and Family: Revision Paper A marriage is a very special relationship that couples share. Itââ¬â¢s a new level of love and an act of commitment. People get married for various reasons which include legal benefits, procreation, commitment and many others. A marriage provides legal benefits to couples that most other relationships donââ¬â¢t have. For example, if a person in a relationship dies, the spouse can collect the social security benefits only if they are legally married (Lamanna and Reidmann, pg. 260). The word ââ¬Å"familyâ⬠is a word that is loosely defined in todayââ¬â¢s society. The U.S Census Bureau defines family as, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦two or more persons who share a household and who are related by blood,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However, some states, which include Vermont, have passed the Civil Union Act. The Civil Union Act allows two single adults, which include same-sex or members related by blood to have the some legal rights on the state level and none on the federal level (Lamanna and Reidmann, pg. 277-278). These couples can have the right to joint property, inheritance without a will, and hospital visitation along with health care decisions. On the other hand, same-sex couples do not have the right to collect Social Security benefits when their partner is deceased, or have a non-U.S. partner becoming a full citizen of the U.S. upon marriage. The Defense of Marriage Act that the U.S. passed in 1996 counteracts the Civil Union Act by denying gay couples the civil benefits of getting married (Lamanna and Reidmann, pg. 276). In a Conflict Perspective Theory (Cowan, Glossary of Sociological Terms), one would say that the ââ¬Å"haves notâ⬠have developed a collective consciousness and started a revolution by proposing same-sex marriage; at the same time, the ââ¬Å"havesâ⬠created a backlash and are attempting to end the Civil Union Act by passing the Defense of Marriage Act. Some of the issues that have been a problem in contemporary U.S. society are intimate violence and extra-marital affairs. Intimate violence occurs more often than people realize. Identifying intimate violence is difficult becauseShow MoreRelatedWhen an author writes a piece of work, they go through several drafts before they feel that their1300 Words à |à 6 Pagesthat their work is complete enough to be published. This process of rereading, rewriting, and reediting is known as revisions. Professional authors can do a large amount of revisions; some authors do as many as 150 revisions (Murray 327). 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KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITYÃ¢â¬Æ' Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Work-First, Time-limits and Sanctions. The Policy Effects on Citizens and Social Work Practice Social Policy can refer to guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare, such as a person s qualityRead MoreIntroduction The greatest asset of the company is the people working there. The objectives are1500 Words à |à 6 Pagescorporate and personal data is fundamental in the companyââ¬â¢s operation and management. As Head of Human Resources, data protection has the focus largely on personal data protection and involves careful strategic planning, decision making and continuous revision. Data protection has to comply with the policies of the company that have already been established but might need future modifications, and more importantly with regulations in the Data Protection Act 1998. Mobility of data was greatly demanded byRead MoreEssay about Is Monogamy the Best Option?2638 Words à |à 11 Pagesrelationships with one another, and influences the future of American family dynamics beyond traditional coupling. While many people in American society do not consider any relationship style other than monogamy to be legitimate, we often think about people other than our partners in a romantic or sexual way, and some people may be better suited for a non-monogamous relationship dynamic. To support this conclusion, this paper will explore the various styles of non-monogamy, look at the influenceRead MoreThe Process of Adolescent Development Essay1566 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe ability to breed and sex. The time interval that elapses begins at 11 to 12 years and extends to 18 to 20. However we cannot associate to a 13 with one 18 years. Let us talk about early adolescence between 11 to 14 years, which coincides with puberty, and after a second period of youth, or late a dolescence between 15-20 years. Its extension to adulthood depends on social, cultural, environmental as well as personal adaptation. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to explore the impactRead MoreHow Hiv/Aids Affect Population2855 Words à |à 12 PagesT I O N R E F E R E N C E B U R E A U HOW HIV AND AIDS AFFECT POPULATIONS by Lori S. Ashford T he AIDS epidemic is one of the most destructive health crises of modern times, ravaging families and communities throughout the world. By 2005, more than 25 million people had died and an estimated 39 million were living with HIV. An estimated 4 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2005ââ¬â95 percent of them in sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Accepting Reality free essay sample
Were going to lose her! Hurry up! Notthat tool! These were the phrases that came to mind when I thoughtof the emergency room, and I pictured serene patients never complaining to theirnurses or asking for anything but a friend. Most especially, I pictured peoplebeing wheeled out of the emergency room feeling 100 percentbetter. Daddy, may I give you a check-up? I distinctlyremember carrying my black Fisher-Price doctors kit around with me everywherewhen I was young. While all the other children played with Barbie dolls ordressed up their American Girl dolls, I played G.I. Joes and Ghostbusters, whowould fight until an unfortunate Joe stepped into the line of fire. My trusty kitwas always next to me so that I could bandage legs, give my Ghostbusterscheck-ups, and listen to the heartbeats of all my stuffed animals. And amazingly,my G.I. Joe patient (he was always the most injured) always survived. We will write a custom essay sample on Accepting Reality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page WhenI decided to attend a leadership forum on medicine last summer, I figured I wouldget to see doctors helping their patients and, just like on television, no onewould die. I imagined doctors with personal lives racy enough to fill pages of ajournal, but in that week I learned how wrong my perceptions were. Spending a day in the emergency room, I witnessed events I never thought I wouldsee. I was on the helicopter pad when Life Star flew in with a girl only twoyears older than me. She had been riding a horse, and was trampled when she felloff. I watched her face, the pain intensifying with each moment, and realizedthat I was not in TVs ER and my little black Fisher-Price bag couldnot mend all the wounds as I had imagined when I was younger. Then, I hadexpected that my plastic syringe filled with fake liquid would take care of allthe pain. I watched the girl (who easily could have been me) as she wasrushed to a private room. I heard the beeping of the heart monitor and hergroans. But I did not see the frantic rushing and screaming of the doctors Idalways imagined. The surgeon and the nurses were quiet, intent on their work.There were no orders, only requests for instruments. On ER I remembertwo doctors fighting, one yelling at the other for using an outdated method. Iexpected that kind of chaos, not the composure I witnessed. As they beganoperating, I was whisked away to another section of the emergency room where Isaw a cancer patient yellow with illness. Her family, who did not want to respecther living will, wished to keep her on life support. I realized that as a doctorI would have to deal with these moral issues. As I walked by, I could not helpremembering when I had envisioned my bunny ill with cancer. Not once in myimagination had he ever been so ill that he could not open his eyes. Not oncecould I see the burning pain on his face. And never did I picture Flopsy notsurviving. As the week progressed, I realized that my call to be a doctor,without the glamour Id imagined, was growing stronger. I saw cadavers and got tolook inside the human body with its intestines, ligaments and bones. But, despiteall my altered views of the field of medicine, I felt blessed to have had theopportunity to learn. Now I realize that my days carrying around my doctors bagand pretending to fix G.I. Joes were just the beginning of a new type oftraining: the training that involves the acceptance of reality.
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Critical Analysis Paper
Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis Paper. Answer: Introduction The utilization of social media is increasing rapidly with the increasing availability of applications, social media applications and platforms (Suby, 2013). Health care professionals also have access to social media tools which includes blogs, virtual reality, wikis, media sharing sites, micro-blogs and social networking platforms (Rolls et al., 2016). In order to prevent these risks, guidelines have been issued by the professional organizations and health care institutions (Peate, 2015). In this paper, the author will analyze the importance of social media and also the pros and cons of using social media medium in health-care as well as responsibilities as registered nurse while using social media. Social Media According to Niedermeier, Wang and Zhang (2016), social media are preferably the tools that are computer-mediated that allows companies, individuals and organizations to exchange, create and share information, pictures or videos, ideas and career interests in virtual networks and communities. Hotta (2014) defines social media as internet based tools which allow the communication between the individuals or the communities in order to share personal messages, information, images and ideas. It is also helps in real time collaboration with other users. Social media (Web 2.0) applications that are internet based and user generated content which includes digital video posts, text as well as digital photo (Mitchell, 2012). Chretien and Kind (2013) states that health professionals take part in social media all the time, using professional networking sites to know more about the improving health outcomes, latest research and networking etc. Social media is also used to provide health care inf ormation, such as Heart Foundation, Lung Foundation Australia and Stroke Foundation which is just three examples of quality health care information provided (Antheunis, Tates and Nieboer, 2013). Over the years, social media has become a social mainstream activity which resulted in its evolution (Hamm et al., 2013). Evolution of social media will be seen overtime. The changes and improvements that take place everyday cause of the social networks and networking sites is a proof that the social media will enhance in the upcoming years (Peate, 2015). Advantages of Using Social Media Medium in Health-Care The use of social media would be very advantageous in the field of health-care. Ventola (2014) explains that it provides quick dissemination of medical information to improve general health and well being. It also provides the patients a reliable platform from which they can get healthcare related information as there are various unaccredited and wrong medical information online that could be bad and irrelevant and patients would consume this information at their own risk (Lipp et al., 2014). Hamm et al. (2013) supports the use of social media in health care by arguing that it enables health-care access across vast distances by presenting an opportunity to diagnose, prevent as well as treat diseases (Gupta, Tyagi and Sharma, 2013). It can also save lives in some instances. With the adoption of social media tools one can personally provide advice and care to the individuals who may otherwise not have access to medical advises (Antheunis, Tates and Nieboer, 2013). Puljak (2016) argues that it provides mechanism for cost control as the most cost effective way to encourage a message is social media. Chretien and Kind (2013) supports this view by arguing that, to dispense and monitor health-care services, incredibly cost effective way are provided by collaboration tools and social media and through its use, health-care organizations can differentiate themselves as providers of low cost and good quality medicine. As social media is of collaborative nature, firms other than health-care save technological advances for later use in the industry of health-care (Koumpouros, Toulias and Koumpouros, 2015). The power of social media can be harnessed by the incredible opportunities by the health-care organizations. If there is a slow investment in the functions and tools of health-care organizations to respond to health-care consumers then there are chances that their brand is overtaken by the social media. It also increases interaction among the people (Koumpouros, Toulias a nd Koumpouros, 2015). It can be a source for support and patient information. Patients are now able to find and engage with people who suffer from same health condition (Ventola, 2014). Google is being used by the patients to diagnose. Searches related to health in Google, gives over 900 medical conditions. Using social media in health-cares provides tailored and shared information to patients; it also increases accessibility to emotional/social/peer support. It also has the ability to influence health policies and promote public health surveillance (Rolls et al., 2016). Disadvantages of Using Social Media Medium in Health-Care The use of social media for health-care can also carry various cons. According to Suby (2013) some of the disadvantages may be limits on holistic patient information, privacy concerns, social stigma and lack of proper training in technology use. Most of all, the information about health is not reliable and lacks quality on social media and the online sources. In social media sites there might be authors of medical information who are known to have limited information or may be unknown. Moreover, the medical information may be informal, unreferenced or incomplete (Lau et al., 2012). However, Lipp et al. (2014) states that, these problems can be addressed through some of the measures. The patients can be guided by HCPs to the websites which contains relevant information. Internet Corporation is requested by the World Health Organization to assign names and numbers to create a domain suffix that would only contain relevant health information (Puljak, 2016). The use of social media by he alth care professionals might also lead to Unprofessional behaviour such as negative comments about patients, the usage of discriminatory language, violation of patient privacy and images of intoxication or sexual suggestiveness. Such public missteps along with posting tweets posing with weapons or alcohol or physicians taking digital photographs during surgery have been documented by HCPs (Gupta, Tyagi and Sharma, 2013). It is also not recommended to air frustrations regarding patients but it also occurs in online forums. Even-though the online communication is initiated by the patients, the interaction of HCPs with their patients can violate the patient-HCP boundary (Lau et al., 2012). It has also been studied that patients often try contacting their physicians on social networking sites where most of them decline or do not respond. It would bring about a negative impact on the HCPs to interact with their patients on social media. Online interaction between HCPs and patients is th erefore discouraged by the organizational policy statement (Ventola, 2014). Responsibilities as Registered Nurse The fourteen National Boards that regulate the Australias registered health practitioners inclusive of the registered nurses as well as the students (with the exception of psychology as they have provisional psychologists) have the responsibility to register them (Saver 2012). They set standards that are required to be met by the registered nurses. They also manage the notifications or the complaints related to the performance, conduct, or the health of the registered nurses. The AHPRA (Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency) has partnered with the National Boards in implementing the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme that comes under Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). With the use of social media, the registered nurses should take into account the National Law and its Guideline for the advertisements of health service that are regulated, code of ethics and professional conduct by the National Board. The information should also be posted by the registered nurses that have not breached these obligations with (Fedoruk and Hofmeyer, 2014): Compliance with the obligations related to their professions Compliance with the privacy obligations and confidentiality (such as case studies, pictures of procedures being posted or no discussion with the patients, sensitive materials that may be enabling the identification of the patients without obtaining their consent in the situations that were appropriate) Information is presented in the context that are based on evidence and unbiased and Unsubstantiated claims are not made (Saver 2012). The availability of the additional information is obtainable from the employers and/or the professional bodies. This aims for supporting the registered nurses social media use. However, the professional, ethical, and legal obligations which the registered nurses must be adhering to have been set out in the Advertising guidelines and Code of conductof the National Board. The most important objectives of the National Board and National Registration and Accreditation Scheme have been the protection of the public. The National Board has developed the guidelines and the codes and the National Law that has relevance in relation to the social media consideration. The explanation of this policy is related to the way the existing guidelines and the codes and the National Law have been related to the social media (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016): The main objective of this scheme is to project public. The following code of conduct was created: National Law (section 133) established the obligations by the registered nurses with regards to the advertising, and Advertising guideline, and Code of conduct of the National Board that are relevant. There should be awareness of the registered nurses with regards to the regulatory and ethical responsibilities when they interact online in same way as when interacting in person. This policy is responsible for providing guidance to the registered nurses so that they understand the obligations and responsibilities when they communicate on and use social media. With regards to the use of the social media by the registered nurses, it is important that they have the awareness of the Advertising guidelines, Code of conduct of the Board and the National Law and other legislations that are relevant such as privacy legislation. The obligations are stated below (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016): Professional obligations The Code of Conduct guides the registered nurses related to the professional behavior standards when they interact online or in person. There is also articulation on the Code of Conduct related to the professional conduct with respect to the patient information confidentiality, which includes in the usage of social media. For instance, the posting of the patients photographs that are unauthorized is a breach of confidentiality and privacy of the patient. The posting of these unauthorized photographs can include personal or group Facebook site even when there is highest setting of the privacy settings (Ford 2012). Obligations related to advertising The National Laws section 133 has the imposition of the limits related to the way the delivery of the health services by the registered nurses can be advertised. The application of these limits includes all advertising forms that are inclusive of internet and social media. For instance, there is prohibition in the National Law related to the testimonial usage in advertising. The guidance is provided by the Advertising guidelines related to the legal restrictions on advertising under the National Law and other legislations that are relevant and the way they are applicable to the social media (Ford 2012). Conclusion The prudent and wise use of social media platforms offers the capability to enhance professional advancements and developments as well as individual and public health. If these are used carelessly, it would have formidable impact on the HCPs. Likewise, social media have the capability to strengthen personal relationships and health-care consumers will be provided with valuable information. It also acts as an interface for the registered nurses to interact with colleagues all over the world. Nurses should be aware of the consequences caused if patient related information is disclosed through social media and should also be aware of the policies of the employer, the relevant federal and state laws, confidentiality of patient privacy and its social media application. The nurses may enjoy benefits that would be personal and professional by being careful and conscious and by not violating the privacy and confidentiality of a patient. References Antheunis, M., Tates, K. and Nieboer, T. (2013). Patients and health professionals use of social media in health care: Motives, barriers and expectations.Patient Education and Counseling, 92(3), pp.426-431. Chretien, K. and Kind, T. (2013). Social Media and Clinical Care: Ethical, Professional, and Social Implications.Circulation, 127(13), pp.1413-1421. Fedoruk, M. and Hofmeyer, A. (2014), Becoming a Nurse: An Evidence-based Approach, 2e: Oxford University Press (Book reference- so no vol no required) Ford, S. 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