Family at the Bedside Essay -- Health, Spirituality and Holistic Care

Discussion of family presence during invasive procedures has been ongoing for many years. Some wellnesscare organizations have instituted policies to allow family members to be face during invasive procedures, which they would previously forbid during these procedures. Attitudes of healthcare providers differ drastically. (MacLean et al., 2003) This paper will illustrate the important benefits of having a family member present during these procedures. Terms used in this search includes Pro family at bedside, Importance of family at bedside invasive procedure, Family centered car in the operating room and position statement on Family presence. The following articles were deemed appropriate for this paper.1.Baumhover N, Hughes L. Spirituality and support for family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitations in adults. American Journal of exact Care July 2009 18(4)357-367 Several health organizations have made recommendations and written guidelines to include family pres ence at the bedside during invasive procedures. A quantitative study was done of health care professionals exploring their thoughts and attitudes to family presence during invasive procedures. This article explores the importance of Spirituality and holistic care. The design for this study was exploratory, descriptive, and correlation. The setting was a 210-bed not-for-profit Christian-based hospital located in the s egressh United States. Data was collected from the individuals in this study and analyzed. The study found that 58% of nurses Compared with 34% of physicians and physician assistants strongly agreed that family presence during invasive procedures is a patients right. This study ... ...eterization, 84% sedation and analgesia, 81% bladder catheterization, 80% sutures, 79% lumbar puncture, 66% and cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, 44%. The families reasons for being present included calming the child, suffering less anxiety , and watching over the procedure. Eighty percent thought that the familys presence could be beneficial.10.American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2005 112Supp IV-1-IV-211.Retrieved December,7,2010.From http//circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/112/24_suppl/IV-6The American Heart association support having family members present during invasive procedures. They have out clear and concise directions on establishing a family member presence at the bedside that any hospital can adapt.

Emily Dickinson :: essays research papers

Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts. She died in the same tail end on May 15, 1886. Today people know her as a fascinating, talented writer. Most of the pieces Emily wrote were poems. Emily was a very isolated individual. She rarely ever got verboten or had any contact with anybody outside of her home. Along with writing her poems she wrote letters to the people that she did have contact with. In the letters that she would write there would be poems somewhere within them. Emily wrote a total of 1,775 poems in her lifetime. Even though she wrote these poems she never let it be known that she had the capability to write poems with such elegance. every of the poems that she would write she kept hidden somewhere in her room. She would hide the poems in places like her window, under her bed, in corners of the room, and lots of other places. After Emily&8217s finale the truth would be told about her secret talent.Emily&8217s sister, Lavinia Dickinso n found around 900 of the poems Emily had hidden in her room. Her sister decided that the poems were good enough to be published. She went to a friend of the family where she would get help in editing and publishing the poems. Lavinia&8217s friend, Mabel Loomis Todd and a friend of hers, Thomas Wentworth Higginson began to put a lot of Said 2effort of getting the poems published. In the year 1890 they accomplished in getting 115 of Emily&8217s poems published. After their first success of publishing the poems they began to get to a greater extent involved with Emily&8217s poems. Along with publishing the poems Mabel and Thomas began practicing the revision of the poems. When Emily wrote the poems some of the English written was incorrect and some of the poems were uncomplete. They corrected the English and finished the incomplete poems to the best of their ability. After a while they managed to publish another 166 poems. As Johnson describes Emily Dickinson and compares her to othe r poets like Edgar Allen Poe and Whitman he states Dickinson, however, was the poet of exclusion, of the shut door. She accepted the limitations of rhyme and meter, and worked endless variations on one basic pattern, exploring the nuances that the framework would allow. No democrat, she constructed for herself a set of aristocratic images she was queen and empress.

normalization :: essays research papers

Normalization of the Lowes Inventory Information System DatabaseAs a selective informationbase grows in size and complexity it is essential that order and organization be maintain to control these complexities and minimize errors and redundancy in the associated data. This goal is managed by a process referred to as formulaization.Normalization permits us to design our relational database tables so that they "(1) get all the data necessary for the purposes that the database is to serve, (2) put one across as little redundancy as possible, (3) accommodate multiple values for types of data that require them, (4) permit competent updates of the data in the database, and (5) avoid the danger of losing data unknowingly (Wyllys, R. E., 2002).". As a prelude to normalization, the database modeler researches the company and current database uses to determine the requirements for the new database. control board elements and relationships are determined, and candidate keys revie wed and established for the tables. The process of database normalization then begins.Databases can attain varying degrees of normalization classified as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, 4NF, 5NF, and BCNF, however for practicality and in staying with the layout of our Lowes schedule database, only the first through third normal forms or 1NF 3NF will be addressed. First, a balance must be struck between data accessibility with regard to performance and maintenance and the concerns of data redundancy. To accomplish this and normalize the Lowes database, the supply and retail sides of the database were combined and the tables set in first normal form. In first normal form, the tables were formatted to ensure that the data within them was atomic i.e., ensuring that it was in its simplest form and had no repeating groups. A concatenated PK characterizes tables in 1NF and these tables can have partial and transitive dependencies. Decomposition from this point helps to eliminate redundancy as the modeler works toward a defined goal based on headache rules and individual needs. The tables were next moved to second normal form, again undergoing a review where efforts were taken to reduce the amount of redundant data by extracting and placing it in new table(s). Here, each key component is written on a separate line, with the original key written on the last line. All restricted attributes then follow their perspective keys. This process is used to eliminate partial dependencies which are not allowed in 2NF. Finally, the tables were set into third normal form by ensuring that no non-identifying attributes were dependent on any other non-identifying attributes.

A Comparison of Death in The Scarlet Letter and My Antonia Essay

Importance of Death in The Scarlet Letter and My Antonia     It is universally acknowledged that unmatch fitting who comes into this world must also leave. Just like everything else, even life and expiry is a binary composition. You cannot have one without the opposite. Although not many good deal like to think about it, death is a very important factor not only in life, but also in literature. close often, death is portrayed as evil or gruesome, especially in commercial fiction. However, at that place are literary texts, which portray death through other factors. through with(predicate) the depiction of the deaths of Arthur Dimmesdale and Mr. Shimerdas in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Willa Cathers My Antonia, respectively, the reader is able to associate the significance of such issues as guilt, revenge/murder, religion, and the consequences of the two deaths. It may depend odd that instead of concentrating on the aboriginal female chara cters to portray these important issues, I have chosen two male characters. However, it is through the deaths of the male characters that the central females, Hester and Antonia are able to shine as women.   In both these novels, the death scenes of the characters are ambiguous. In relation to one issue or another there is always something vague or missing, which leaves the readers to judge for themselves. The death scene in The Scarlet Letter is very powerful and full of remorse .   Arthur collapsing into the arms of his love one, after pleading with the people to look at Hesters scarlet letter once again, showing Roger how he had sinned as well, acknowledging Pearl and relieving her of her ...errand as a messenger of anguish (Hawthorne 222) by kissing her, and fin... ...moil and keep her fathers past alive. Both deaths also imply more than what meets the eye. While Arthurs death is surrounded by the possibility of revenge, Mr. Shimerdas death is encircled by the likelihood of murder. The two deaths also highlight the importance of religion. Arthur, being a Reverend, is given the strength by God to confront his sins, speckle Mr. Shimerdas, also a Reverend of sorts, is buried and forced to live an afterlife of uncertain paths due to his faith. Lastly, the aftermaths of these deaths, is what makes The Scarlet Letter and My Antonia two great works of literature. Through Arthurs death, Hester is once again able to display her inner strength by making her own choices and standing by her love, whereas Antonia through the death of her father is able to excel in a mans world, while not forgetting her womanhood.    

Feminism in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay -- Papers Jane Au

Feminism in rob and Prejudice by Jane Austen Jane Austen, the author of Pride and Prejudice, holds feminist views and uses the smart to show her opinions about womens issues. Pride and Prejudice is a personal essay, a statement of Jane Austens feelings about the perfect lady, marriage, and the relationship between the sexes. Jane Austens characters, plot, and dialogue argon slanted to reflect her beliefs.The biased process and importance of marriage are introduced with the first line of the book. Jane Austen writes It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single military troops in possesion of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering the neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families that he is considered as the rightful(prenominal) property of some one or other of their daughters. (5)This implies that the man wants a wife and the woman is not in a place to turn him down. The man becomes her claim, and for him she fights with other women. It seems as if women are plentiful and men are rare. The man has freedom and the option to choose any girl that he wants, while the women are desperate and fight for whichever man they can get. Jane Austen points this out and shows how dependent the woman is on a man in her English society. This dependence is viewed as a necessary part of upper class England by most and was not criticized. If Jane Austen had written a book simply about English society, these sen clippingnts would not defecate showed up. The fact that they are introduced and expressed again and again in Pride and Preju... ...r woman in her society take away their free will and pull ahead conformity, and her main ?good? character is independent and rebels against those ideas, showing the character?s independence and creating Jane Austen?s ideal woman. This cannot be a coincidence because in this time these views are often disagreed with and are not precise frequent. If Jane Austen is writing without the influences of her ideas, she would not make that choice. Harsh criticisms of English 19th century society that are really controversial at the time are not in the book to make it interesting, they have to be based upon some kind of feelings. These feelings are very deliberately placed into Pride and Prejudice in order to use the book as an indirect thesis for Jane Austen?s feminist beliefs.Works CitedAusten, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. R.W. Chapman. New York Oxford UP, 1988.

Feminism in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay -- Papers Jane Au

Feminism in rob and Prejudice by Jane Austen Jane Austen, the author of vanity and Prejudice, holds feminist views and uses the novel to show her opinions about womens issues. Pride and Prejudice is a personal essay, a statement of Jane Austens feelings about the perfect lady, marriage, and the relationship between the sexes. Jane Austens mentions, plot, and dialogue be biased to reflect her beliefs.The biased act upon and importance of marriage atomic number 18 introduced with the first line of the book. Jane Austen writes It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single humanity in possesion of a veracious fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering the neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families that he is considered as the rightful property of some unrivalled or other of their daughters. (5)This implies that the man wants a wife and the woman is not in a place to turn him down. The man becomes her claim, and for him she fights with other women. It seems as if women are plentiful and men are rare. The man has freedom and the option to choose any girl that he wants, while the women are desperate and fight for whichever man they can get. Jane Austen points this out and shows how dependent the woman is on a man in her English society. This dependence is viewed as a necessary part of speeding class England by most and was not criticized. If Jane Austen had written a book simply about English society, these sen successionnts would not have showed up. The fact that they are introduced and evince again and again in Pride and Preju... ...r woman in her society take away their free will and encourage conformity, and her main ?good? character is independent and rebels against those ideas, showing the character?s independence and creating Jane Auste n?s ideal woman. This cannot be a coincidence because in this time these views are often disagreed with and are not very frequent. If Jane Austen is writing without the influences of her ideas, she would not make that choice. Harsh criticisms of English 19th century society that are very controversial at the time are not in the book to make it interesting, they have to be based upon some kind of feelings. These feelings are very deliberately placed into Pride and Prejudice in order to use the book as an indirect thesis for Jane Austen?s feminist beliefs.Works CitedAusten, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. R.W. Chapman. New York Oxford UP, 1988.

Leadership styles in greek mythology Essay

In ancient Greece, certain leadership qualities were seen as more desirable, and by reviewing Greek mythology it is possible to understand what these ancient nation valued in their leaders. The tales of Uranus, Cronus, and Zeus show which characteristics were prized by the Greek people, and which were despised.Uranus, son and hubby of atomic number 32, was tyrannical, and horrible, casting his offspring into the underworld. He was obsessed with absolute power. It did not occupation him that his children, the Hundred-handed giants and the Cyclopes, burned with rage at him from their Underworld prison. It did not concern him that his mother-wife Gaea suffered dearly knowing the fate of her children. He was a wicked ruler, and his Titan sons and daughters were fearful of him.Even when Gaea urged them to join her in a plot to overthrow Uranus, the Titans, terrified, could not reply. It was only when Cronus, the youngest Titan, finally agreed to help Gaea that Uranus was finally and violently defeated. Cronus dismembered his father and scattered the body parts. The Titans then freed their siblings and made Cronus king.Cronus, however, turned out to be as wicked a king as his father Uranus. Gaea warned Cronus that like his father, his child would overthrow him. Obsessed with avoiding Uranuss fate, Cronus devoured each of the children born to him and Rhea, his wife. Eventually, Rhea deceived Cronus to keep him from eating the newborn children.Cunningly, Rhea his one child, Zeus, and fed her husband a rock in the place of the shining child. When Zeus grew up, joined with his brother Poseidon and the other children of Cronus in a war resulted in Zeuss overthrow of Cronus. At last, overpowered, the Titans retreated into Tartarus, where they were bound, imprisoned, for eternity. With the Titans in the depths of the earth, the rule of Zeus began.Unlike his father and grandfather, Zeus ruled the world justly. He assigned each of the deities their individual functions. He created a system of laws, and punished those immortals that broke their sacred word. Zeus also allowed the immortals to benefit mankind. Out of chaotic destruction, Zeuss rule began and he established such order that no Olympian god would question his authority. Even when the Titans would try to return and overthrow Zeus, they could not defeat him due to the commitment he had earned from the other Olympians.A reading of these tales shows that the Greeks looked for the qualities of strength and authority in their leaders, along with courage and wisdom. However, these alone were not enough. In order to be a great leader or king, one needed to establish a system of justice and fairness, where those who did wrong would face punishment, and where order would be retained instead of chaos. Zeus was the model for earthly kings because of his ability to bring order, fairness, and justice along with his great strength.

BCG Matrix and the Product Life Cycle Essay

IntroductionThe BCG Matrix and the Product Life Cycle atomic number 18 both central tools that relate to various aspects of a proceedss performanceThe BCG looks at commercialise share and groceryplace process and how they impact on bullion drill and generation.The PLC looks at gross revenue/revenues over time and levels of profitability.capital of Massachusetts Consulting Group (BCG) MatrixBusinesses must keep their convergence offerings relevant and profitable to stay in operation. The Boston Consulting Group developed a tool, c exclusivelyed the BCG matrix, for categorizing a profligates merchandises in relation to the overall harvesting animateness motorcycle. Product life cycle is establish on the observation that fruits develop, similar to animals, through distinct phases of maturity that differ in keep down of resources required and produced. The BCG matrix places each product a social club offers according to the growth rate of the championship and the re lative market share the product controls. Identifying which quadrant of the BCG matrix a product offering falls into provides precious guidance to management about the future of that product StarsProducts that enjoy a high relative position in terms of market share in a growing market are referred to as stars. They require large investings to maintain the market share, but often produce enough revenue to tag their expenses. Firms should make it a top priority to maintain the market share of products in the star quadrant of the BCG matrix to increase sales. As the product enters maturity, and growth rates decline below 10 percent, maintaining market share will require less investment, yet produce similar revenue, and become cash cows. interchange CowsCash cows produce substantial profits for their companies because they require little investment to maintain their high share of the market. Managers should divert profits from cash cows to help defend market share of star products, develop new products for emerging markets, or turn struggling products around. While cash cows often provide the largest profit margin in a company portfolio, firms interested in maintaining long-term profitability must invest in argue and creating star products that will become cash cows Low market-share products that show low growth are referred to asdogs. Managers should minimize the number of dogs in the product portfolio. While many managers seek the challenge of trying to turn a dog product around, special scrutiny should be turn backn to any investment in dog products. Firms should decide whether to find a niche in the products market to control or divest from the product simply to free up resources for more profitable ventures.Question MarksThe most troubling quadrant on the BCG matrix is filled with products in high-growth markets that control relatively weak positions within their markets. These products, called question marks, require large investments to develop. E ven with substantial funding, a question mark product is at a disadvantage collect to the fierce competition in high-growth markets. Managers should consider the likelihood and means of increasing market share, such as specializing in a niche market, before allocating additional resources to question marks. If a question mark is unlikely to capture a niche market or stand out against the better established competition, the firm should divest to increase its overall profitabilitySome limitations of the BCG matrix model includeThe first problem buns be how we define market and how we number data about market shareA high market share does not necessarily lead to profitability at all measureThe model employs only two dimensions market share and product or service growth rateLow share or niche businesses can be profitable too (some Dogs can be more profitable than cash Cows)The model does not reflect growth rates of the overall marketThe model neglects the effects of synergy between business unitsMarket growth is not the only indicator for attractiveness of a market There are probably even more aspects that admit to be considered in a particular use of the BCG model Product Life Cycle (plc)The product life cycle has 4 very clearly defined re-creates, each with its own characteristics that mean different things for business that are trying to manage the life cycle of their particular products. Introduction Stage This stage of the cycle could be the most expensive for a company launching a new product. The size of the market for the product is small, which meanssales are low, although they will be increasing. On the other hand, the cost of things like research and development, consumer testing, and the marketing needed to launch the product can be very high, especially if its a competitive sector. Growth Stage The growth stage is typically characterized by a strong growth in sales and profits, and because the company can start to benefit from economies of s cale in end product, the profit margins, as well as the overall amount of profit, will increase.This makes it possible for businesses to invest more money in the promotional activity to maximize the potential of this growth stage. Maturity Stage During the maturity stage, the product is established and the aim for the manufacturer is now to maintain the market share they have built up. This is probably the most competitive time for most products and businesses need to invest wisely in any marketing they undertake. They also need to consider any product modifications or improvements to the production process which might give them a competitive advantage. Decline Stage Eventually, the market for a product will start to shrink, and this is whats known as the decline stage. This shrinkage could be due to the market becoming saturated (i.e. all the customers who will buy the product have already purchased it), or because the consumers are switching to a different type of product. Whil e this decline may be inevitable, it may still be possible for companies to make some profit by switching to less-expensive production methods and cheaper marketsThe relationship between the BCG Matrix and the product life cycle The horizontal axis of the BCG Matrix represents market Shareand the vertical axis indicates anticipated market growth. The unified business is divided into four categoriesthey are cash cows, stars, question marks, dogs. The product life cycle is a new product progresses through a rank of stages from basis to grow, maturity, and decline. The four categories of corporate business correspond to the four stages of the product life cycle (1) Question marks businesses correspond to the introduction stage of the product life cycle. Question marks businesses are in an attractive industry but hold a small market share percentage. In the introduction stage the firm seeks to build market share rapidly build product awareness and develop a market for the product. (2 ) Starts businesses correspond to the growthstage of the product life cycle. Start businesses are in a fast-growing market, and hold a dominant share of that market.Their contribution to cash flow depends on their need for resources. In the growth stage, the firm seeks to build brand preference and increase market share. Market share tends to stabilize. (3) Cash cows businesses correspond to the maturity stage of the product life cycle. Cash cows businesses in this generate large amounts of cash but their prospects for future growth are limited In the maturity stage, the market reaches saturation. The primary objective is to defend market share while maximizing profit. (4) Dogs businesses in this category do not producer consumer much(prenominal) cash. However they hold no promise for improved performance. In decline stage there is a downturn in the market as sales decline discontinue the product liquidating remaining inventory or sell off.The difference between the BCG Matrix and the product life cycleThe corporate business is divided into four categories from two aspects of market share and anticipated growth rate however the product life cycle is divided into four stages from two aspects of sales and time.The BCG Matrix can roughly judge enterprises overall operating conditions but the product life cycle only reflects the market performance of a single product.The BCG matrix mainly studies the allocation and use of corporate resources, but the product life cycle mainly studies the use of the product marketing strategy. The BCG matrix can reflects corporate a variety of different business conditions, but the product life cycle can not reflects all businesses and product in the curve

American Culture and Women

The fact that American culture positively recognizes single inducehood and not single fatherhood is terms and in my opinion untrue. Single fixs do not in any circumstance have an advantage over single fathers. Especially in directlys society, when there are a lot of stay-at-home fathers, due to the economic recession, and the divorce rate being higher than ever this gives fathers an equal fortune to be the primary caregiver in the childs upbringing.Most Americans positively recognize single motherhood and not single fatherhood. The question I would hire those people is, Have you been increase by a single father? Most likely the answer will be no. Those individuals probably were raised in a dual parent environment and dont even know what its like to be raised by a single parent. I would then proceed to tell them that single fathers have the same ability as mothers to raise quality sons or daughters. There in truth is no so called advantage when it comes to parenting.There is a wide range of skills required in raising a child, from codling them as small infants to disciplining them as adolescents. Either parent, mother or father, can posses those skills, whos to say a mother is better at coddling and a father is better at disciplining. Single parents, whether a mother or a father can have the qualities needed to raise a confident, well-mannered, and respectful child. Neither one has an advantage over the other, they are some(prenominal) equal. If either one is willing to put the effort into being a parent then they should be successful.

RE SBA

CXC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SBA GUIDELINESStatement Of AimsYour SBA should have at least 3 aims. The aims tell what you hope to find out, and atomic number 18 centered around the enquiry topic. For congresswoman, if worship is your area of research, then all the aims must be centered around worship. Methodology This tells how, when and where you will collect information. wherefore have you selected a particular method of data collection (advantages)? How many questionnaires or interviews were administered? How many questions were on the questionnaires or in the interview schedule and when were they roll up?Formulating Questionnaires Look at the aims and form questions based on these aims and all the questions must relate to the topic chosen. Summary of Findings This section should provide the information to cover your aims. For example if the aims are to discover(1) What is the most all important(p) Rastafarian symbol?(2) How are these symbols employ in the Rastafarian Movement?(3) How has the use of the Rastafarian symbols impacted on Jamaica? You would therefore have to provide information under the following headings for the summary of findings * Important Rastafarian symbol * Rastafarian symbols and their purposes The impact of the Rastafarian symbols on the Jamaican society. Simply put, the summary of findings is the information that is researched based on the aims. Analysis and Interpretation of Data In this section you can use diagrams to represent your findings or just provide a description of their findings. Interpretation is to imagine in percentage how the respondents answered the questions. For example, the questionnaire asks What is the most important Rastafarian symbol? Questionnaire results shows Lion 60% Flag 5% Dreadlocks 25%You illustrate this on a chart and speak to each response, as demonstrated below.Pie Chart 1 showing respondents view of the most important Rastafarian symbol. As shown in pie chart 1 above, 60% of the respondents sai d the lion, 5% said it is the flag and 25% said the dreadlocks. Analysis After spirit at the interpretation, you will now have to use critical thinking skills to find out what factors could contribute to difference in the responses. Why did some say the flag? Based on research done, which is really the most important symbol? Could it be that some of the respondents are not informed about the heading? This reasoning is the analysis. ConclusionIn this section, you provide answers for the aims in a summary. For example* The most imporatnat Rastafarian symbol is the lion because..* The rod and staff are used for* The flag is used during worship..* The rastafarian symbols have had both positive and negative effects on society . You can also include your own views on the research (optional). Presentation You must have a table of contents, appropriate illustrations, properly compiled & neat document. You must also have a bibliography.Your bibliography should include the authors name, the year of publication, the name of the text, the place of publication and publishers name, as seen in the example below Dessler, Gary (2008) Human Resource Management (11th ed. ) New island of Jersey Pearson Education Your research should be submitted in a simple soft-back folder and on letter-size paper. Your candidate registration number, title of the research paper and the name of your crop should be clearly written on the folder AND on the FIRST inside page. The document should be typed in a clear font, preferably quantify New Roman or Tahoma and at a minimum font-size of 12.

Child Support Enforcement: One Law Does Not Fit All

Single parents are becoming the norm these days and the government has stepped in to assist these custodial parents to make things fair. It takes two people to make a minor so it seems sole(prenominal) fair that two people take for the youngster financially, right? I am a single get under ones skin. My daughters obtain, Donnie, and I were never married and werent together at the time of her birth. He wasnt around to sign the birth certificate so I had to go through DFS to fill paperwork out to get support payments from him afterward our daughter (Nathalia) was born.When I filled out the CSE ( minor Support Enforcement) paperwork the case was being handled by a caseworker in Jefferson City, MO. I gave the caseworker Donnies address about four months after our daughters birth. Nothing was done and I assumed they were having trouble getting hold of him. When Nathalia was five years old my case was moved to a caseworker in Columbia who called and got the information from me once again and I received paternity paperwork within the month. The way it works is the noncustodial parent only has to pay from the time the paperwork showing paternity was sent.I had tried to affect Nathalias bring forth to start visitation. He came around for one hour a week for about two months then just stopped. He nonrecreational the arrearage for support payments after facing criminal charges for non-payment of support payments, and being threatened with a year in jail if the support was not paid. I tactile sensation no sympathy. Now he is back to not making the payments. On the other hand I lease a friend (Jessica, fictional name) who has a five year old daughter (Hannah, fictional name) whose father has been in and out of jail for squirt support non-payment.He has a relationship with Hannah and has bid of her fifty percent of the time. The government wants to put him back in jail for arrearage on Hannah and two of his other children. Jessica has lost her health insurance due to not signing papers that would have him arrested. With these two cases the fathers are very contrary. One is an absentee father who quits jobs to avoid paying his support payments, the other a father who is very such(prenominal) in his childs life and is a positive influence. Both fathers are being treated equally in the look of the State. But which father deserves the jail time?In an article by Jeff Minerd, A Kinder, Gentler Look at Deadbeat Dads, he posits In 1950, about 20% of children lived apart from their father that figure is now approaching 50% (8). This article was printed in 1999 so the percentage of children not living with their father has likely augmentd. The increase is due to many reasons. Some of the reasons may include death, divorce, and never-married couples. With the number of children who do not live with their fathers rising it only stands to reason that the number of cases the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) is discussion is increasing as well.Acco rding to the Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement, one of their goals is . . . to emphasize that children need to have both parents in their lives. . . (Handbook). If this is true then why is the father who is a positive influence and is present in his childs life having to fence with the possibility of going back to jail for past child support non-payment, but the father who wants nothing to do with his daughter and doesnt pay his child support as ordered gets off with a slap on the wrist?Child support enforcement should look more in depth at each case before taking actions against a non-custodial father. The Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement states Although the function of the CSE architectural plan is to collect and distribute child support payments, throughout the Handbook sicwe hope to give the message that childre n fare best when both parents play an active, supportive authority in their lives (1).The government claims that the actions they take against non-custodial parents are to assist in getting families to work together to make childrens lives better. But according to Jeff Minerd, Government enforcement of child support kitty have the effect of separating fathers from their children (8). Minerd also states that it is more supported to go after the low-in keep down fathers because it gets the mothers off of State welfare monies.With middle-class mothers it isnt so supported to go after the fathers because it doesnt help the State with the fare of money being paid out because they arent on welfare (8). So is their mission to help keep families connected or is it to get the money back that they are giving to the low-income families? The first reason CSE should handle these cases case by case is that if actions are taken that cause the father to be resentful it could harm the relationshi p among the parents and the child. Actions taken by the state can come betwixt the custodial mother and the non-custodial parent.As Cindy Elmore states in her article On and On, Over and Over The Gender War in Child Support Enforcement Court, Were all crowded together waiting for the courtroom doors to be unlocked, but the women dont talk to the men, and the men ignore the women (397). The line of communication between the parents is destroyed by feelings of resentment and arguments that arise from court dates and state demands. Arguments between the parents also harm the child. Even if the parents do not argue in figurehead of the child, the child will still feel the tension and know something is wrong.Feelings of resentment toward being forced to do something may also disturb the relationship between father and child. If the father is arguing about how much to pay and how often with the mother it may cause the father to stop coming around the child. In my situation Nathalias da d, Donnie, got upset about the amount and when I couldnt change it he just cut all suffer. The way his support amount was determined was a paper was filled out on the amount of money it took to raise Nathalia. Then the amount I made and the amount he made were taken into consideration.Since I made more my percentage of responsibility was larger. Then they take the percentage left to raise her after subtracting mine and he is responsible for that. So there was nothing I could do to request they lower the payments. We had many arguments relating to this. Another was that he was afraid the State would go after property that he owned. According to the Handbook on Child Support Enforcement liens can be placed on property the non-custodial parent owns in the county (26) and can also take State and Federal Income Tax refunds to pay back child support (29).So it could happen but not if he pays his support payments on a regular basis. When I kept refusing to ask if his payments could be low ered he stopped calling Nathalia and stopped coming to visit her. Second, if a father is active in a childs life and is a positive influence leniency should be given. Pushing a father to make payments higher than he can make then sending him to jail until it is paid, when he is active in the childs life, will only harm the child.In Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement for Children in Never-Married Mother. Families Chien-Chung Huang states, Although there are no studies on changes in father-child contact for children in never-married mother families over time, studies find that about one-third of children saw their fathers at least once a month but another third of children had no contact at all with their fathers (99). If there are such big chunks of the population receiving child support that have similar situations with the non-custodial parent, shouldnt the different types have different ways of handling the cases?A father that is helping his child with homework every other week shouldnt be held to the same treatment as a father who has no contact with his child by his own choice. Speaking from experience, I know that if I my daughters father was knobbed in my daughters life in a positive way and they had a healthy relationship I would not mind so much if there was a payment missed here or there. A childs life can be so much fuller with positive influences from both the mother and the father figures in their lives.Third, if the system states that they are trying to get fathers more active in the childs life through child support enforcement then if they dont see what is going on before ordering something to be done, they wont succeed. Jeff Minerd does not think that child support should not be enforced, However, the harsh treatment of low-income fathers may make them hostile and resentful of the mothers, children, and government authority (8). If a low-income father is ordered to pay what the CSE considers to be fair what happens if the father isnt even making enough to make the payments?Is he to be held to the same standards as a father that keeps quitting his job to avoid making his payments? What if the father gets remarried? According to Hans and Coleman in the article The Experiences of Remarried Stepfathers Who Pay Child Support, Remarriage magnified feelings of disempowerment and introduced additional complexities to existing child support arrangements (613). When fathers remarry it adds more financial responsibility, especially if they have more kids in the new marriage or if there are stepchildren in the marriage.When the Child Support Enforcement Agency takes harsh actions against non-custodial parents it starts a chain of events that can destroy the relationship between the parents. The resentment the father feels for being forced to comply with what the state orders can cause a rift between the father and the custodial mother. In cases like mine it may have caused a rift so large that my daughter may never see her father again. She doesnt understand why her father doesnt come and see her any more.A couple of months ago she made up a reason of her own, it was because he was sick. Just last week a new reason came up. She told me he died and that is why he doesnt come over anymore. I dont know where she got this but I do know that it is her way of dealing with her feelings. I dont know what to tell her when she says this. If I tell her that he is alive what reason do I give her when she then asks why he doesnt see her anymore? Perhaps if the enforcement of the child support was handled differently she would still have a father that was active in her life.

Common Attributes of Peter Carey’s Short Stories Essay

An analysis of several of the stories in The Collected Stories of bill C ary reveals numerous common attributes, leading to the aspects of en trapment and isolation appearing as common aspects of the stories. These come across in both the physical and mental form. Often the entire experience of entrapment and isolation is the result of the interaction of both forms. The quality of entrapment seen throughout Crabs, Peeling and A Fat reality in History relies on lies.In Crabs, the main character and his girlfriend acquire stranded at the drive in after their car part have been stolen and the manager of the drive in tells them there is no way that they seat leave, in put up lying to them. The same form of lying is adopted by Florence Nightingale in A Fat Man in History, as she makes them believe that they really cant do anything to escape their place as the hated fat people in society except guerilla against the government, suggesting all sorts of odd methods to do so such as eating the statue.The lying is slightly different in Peeling. The narrator has fallen into a trap of self-deception, unwilling to accept the harsh truth, preferring to take slow pleasure in superficial things. This allows him a more pleasant state of mind, but at the same time entraps him in a world of lies which will undoubtedly cause some distress once he is forced to see the truth. For entrapment to be propose ahead entwined in these three Peter Carey stories, the use of blind acceptance is also employed. This means the characters need to believe that they are physi confaby trapped.Those in Crabs are told they cant get out of the drive in but arent physically trapped at first, yet they dont decide to rebel against the government by walking out of the drive in or attempting to escape in any way unless they have a public presentation car. At some point they do become physically trapped as the government fence them in. The gang in A Fat Man in History just accept that they are obese and are hated by society, which may be true but they dont want to do anything sensible to change this.Instead, they stay inside the house unless working or involved in some scheme to steal or gather supplies for a highly irrational rebellion. Finally, in Peeling the man is not physically trapped in his room, yet due to his unemployment he rarely leaves the house. The thick fog of the London day feeds the idea of the physical side of entrapment. The frame of mind shown by the narrator due to this feeling is one that cogency be adopted by a person with a terminal illness or a criminal on death row its the attitude of someone who knows their life will be over soon.This mindset is one of everything must be superficial and savoured, that life shouldnt be locomote and moments of seriousness can be left to rot. Love and inter-character relationships cause the characters of each story to become both set-apart and entrapped within themselves. Peeling shows the reader the effect of love on the narrator, as he knows exactly what Nile is doing by listening only to her footprints, although they are both physically isolated the majority of the time.He isolates himself from her in his entrapped mindset, not wishing to discuss such deep, serious things as feelings for abortion babies and their souls, yet loves her, or at least lusts after her, enough to know her schedule, clack with her about the mundane going on in life and tell what shed doing when shes rearranging the dolls on the floor above. Its only when the narrator is freed of his self-deception, which was causation his entrapment, by Niles babbling about abortion babies and their souls does he integrate himself with her.He is once again isolated by her transformations from fair sex to man to woman to doll. The fat men in A Fat Man in History all lust after Florence Nightingale. The simple fact they call her that despite her name being Nancy Bowlby suggests this much, with more evidence found when they al l crowd into the room with expectation the night the rent is due and clamour to get her attention when she arrives. Furthermore, Finch admits to fantasising about her in one of her secret visits to his room, and the-man-who-wont-give-his-name obviously feels something towards her as he sleeps with her.This love and adoration of Florence leads to a divide between all members of the gang, discriminate them mentally. It also allows Florence to trap them as part of her social experiment. In Crabs, the main character borrows the car from his friend Frank. He is then targeted by the Karboys who steal parts of the loaned car, leaving Crabs unable to get himself and his girlfriend home. This incident, combined with the fact the car was loaned, leads to Crabs entrapment in the drive in, as he is determined to bring forth the car with the right parts.It also isolates him as he waits for the correct car to come to steal the parts from, and he becomes more irritated and edgy as time goes by. The relationship between him and Frank is what causes his isolation from his girlfriend and others in the story. In all three Peter Carey stories studied from The Collected Works of Peter Carey, entrapment and isolation are common attributes of the characters. This comes across in many forms, both physical and mental, with these two features relating closely to each other. Entrapment and isolation closely linked as a character who feels trapped consequently feels isolated.The stories of Peter Carey are written using surrealism which has the ability to give the reader the impression that the characters are more isolated than they really are as their lives are not streamlined with reality. Carey uses these ideas to highlight their place in todays society, suggesting that all humans feel entrapment and isolation regularly, however it is fully controllable through our state of minds and ideals, yet at the same time is unavoidable, as everyone has relationships with others that cause the m to feel certain ways, whether it be a relationship of love or of respect.

Nature vs. Nurture Controversy

The nature versus nurture debate concerns the relative importance of an individuals innate qualities (nature, i. e. nativism, or innatism) versus personal experiences (nurture, i. e. empiricism or behaviorism) in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits. The phrase Nature versus nurture in its modern sense was coined123 by the English Victorian polymath Francis Galton in discussion of the influence of heredity and environment on affable advancement, although the terms had been contrasted previously, for example by Shakespeare (in his play, The Tempest 4. ). Galton was influenced4 by the book On the Origin of Species written by his cousin, Charles Darwin. The concept embodied in the phrase has been criticized34 for its binary simplification of two tightly interwoven parameters, as for example an environment of wealth, education and social privilege are often historically passed to genetic offspring. The difference being that wealth, education an d social privilege are not part of the human biological system, and so cannot be directly attributed to genetics.The view that humans acquire all or well-nigh all their behavioral traits from nurture was termed tabula rasa (blank slate) by philosopher John Locke, and proposes that humans develop from only environmental influences. This question was once considered to be an assign division of developmental influences, but since both types of factors are known to play such interacting roles in development, most modern psychologists and anthropologists consider the question naiverepresenting an overage state of knowledge. 5678 In the social and political sciences, the nature versus nurture debate may be contrasted with the structure versus agency debate (i. e. socialization versus individual autonomy). For a discussion of nature versus nurture in language and other human universals, see also psychological nativism.

Crime and Punishment Essay

The themes of sacrifices and expedience be usual in his works. He believes that egoism became that reason that d matchless for(p) earlier civilizations and made a threat to contemporary societies. Despite the fact that he saw nought wrong in the wish to self-perfection, he blamed those, who tried to oppose their I to the rest of the piece and considered only their own needs and desires. Raskolnikov, the protagonist of Crime and Punishment is severely punished for his extreme egoism and daring to take the decision about human lives.For example in The Brothers Karamazov Zosima worries about moral province for all actions, committed by the person. Ivan doubts his views and states that responsibleness is nothing but abstract notion and without God it becomes out(predicate) to talk about any limits to the behavior of an individual. In the poem Ivan declaims to his brother in the cafe he expresses his view on the put out will. The Inquisitor blames Jesus for giving people free wil l, which has become a hard burden and the reason of misery. The feeling of guilt becomes Ivans price for an attempt to express his free will.Dostoevsky does not agree or disagree with any opinion discussed but he constructs the plot of the written report in such a way that the readers get an opportunity to get the proofs of ideas, expressed by Zosima. (Dostoevsky) The characters of Dostoesky are haunted by their quondam(prenominal). In many his stories people cross the limit and take excessive responsibility to make the decision for other people and get severe punishment for it. In contrast to Borges, whose characters populate in present, and to Tolstoy, who regarded human history as a reason for all the events, which happen to us, Dostoevsky made the past the reason of suffering and misery.His characters are haunted by the ghosts from the past and can not find their fanny in present. For Dostoevsky the conflicts between free will and determination, and between egoism and respon sibility become driving ramp and a source for creativity. All three authors use literature not only as gist to bring their messages for the readers, but also as a way to resolve their inner conflicts. Art is everlastingly a personal experience for both creator and those, who perceive it, and Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Borges make their art serve one ultimate purpose a quest for the meaning of life.Sources Dostoevsky, Feodor (1992). Crime and Punishment. Pevear, R. and Volokhonsky, L. transl. New York Alfred Knopf. Dostoevsky, Feodor (1992). The Brothers Karamazov. , Pevear, R. and Volokhonsky, L. transl. New York Alfred Knopf. Dostoevsky, Fyodor translation by Pevear, Richard and Volokhonsky, Larissa (1990). The Brothers Karamazov. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Tolstoy, Leo (1969). War and Peace , transl. Rosemary Edmonds, Penguin. Borges, Jorge Luis (1998). Collected Fictions(translated by Andrew Hurley), Viking Penguin

Explain the Characteristics of the Local Business Environment Essay

IntroductionI am going to talk of the town about characteristic of the local backing environment in the Leicester. My chosen business enterprise is eastern European restaurant.Product MarketThis restaurant will be aimed at a niche market for European people who live in Leicester. They are a lot of people from Eastern Europe identical Poland, Latvian, Lithuanian and it will help to me make a profit. I font for European public, because I check off there are lots of Asian restaurants in Leicester and not umteen European.Sector and industry changesThis business falls into the tertiary sector which is growing faster than primary or secondary as many companies decide to provide service because it brings more profit than manufacturing. People pay more notes for go down goods and services than they do for raw materials. At the moment many people havent got a job which helps to me to chose more options of quality staff and wages. Tertiary sector is growing fast and took over about o f the industry. Primary and Secondary sectors not growing and not expanding as train of it isnt big.Legal physical body WorkI have researched about the types of wellness and safety that I would emergency in a restaurant and have found out that for my business which is a restaurant business I would need at list level 2 of food hygiene certificate for health and safety and health and safety certificate for the workplace. As I would be the only owner Sole-trader so I do not need to register my company as a company LTD and do not need a registration with company house. I will be personally responsible for accounts and paying evaluate of the profit Ill make each year.Planning and EmploymentI am thinking to open(a) my restaurant in Narborough road, because it is strategically advantageous position.I would like to recruit two bartenders and six waiters, referable to shift change.Economic trends and IncomeRecession is in the all world and touches all business sectors in UK. soon peo ple stop going to the restaurants. The government increasing VAT which affects small businesses and they income. Opening new business can be really risky especially new restaurant. People spending more money for goods they really need and not leaving any money for entertainment. If we will have a look at hierarchy of Moslow restaurant business is on the top needs for people and humans

Liberty vs responsibility

Liberty v/s Responsibility Liberty is the most precious and sought after outcome of any political society. It is a mark of a productive and gold society where people enjoy a make out of aboriginal rights for e. g. - right to free speech, fair trial, and so forth On the otherwise hand social duty towards others and oneself unites the community and increases social well-being. Various political philosophers concord come up with different ways to prioritize one over the other and some birth believed to strike a counterweight amidst the two.This leads to an interesting political debate that at what point we earn a line etween liberty and responsibility, where in we have maximum liberty and minimum responsibility. In this radical I assert the libertarian political thought which resolves this debate by striking a fine vestibular sense between liberty and responsibility. To support my argument, I render the ideas of John Locke who was a 17th century serious music liberal philoso pher (for first reason) and much of libertarian political thought is inspired from his works. For second reason I apply the ideas of libertarian philosopher Friedrich Hayek.Towards the end I discuss the article of faiths of libertarianism which clearly address this conflict. The first reason is the primary reason why people have desire to loot or plunder and that reason is scarcity. Scarcity is also the of import reason why we have to follow a set of rules and act responsibly. If in that respect were no scarcity, indeed there would be a surplus of genuines and resources for everyone and any persons wishes and desires would be fulfilled no matter how immeasurable they were and his/her actions would have no consequence on anybody else. But we do live in a globe where there is scarcity and that cannot be avoided.So, we have to interact and exchange goods with one another and that involves a set of rules for social conduct. In this context, John Locke believed in the rightful acc umulation of property (scarce good) by mixing churn with natural resources (Nozick 175). He didnt believe in accumulation of property via coercion, fraud or theft. As faraway as the extent of accumulation is concerned he believed that too much property should not be consumed that very little is left for others beca utilization that would hinder someone elses right to accumulation of private property.Nozick had given this a term Lockean Proviso (Nozick 175). Applying the Lockean proviso to the conflict between liberty and responsibility, in the presence of carcity, there has to be a certain set of responsibilities that people need to fulfill (mentioned above, Locke called them natural laws (Korab)) mainly including the one where they dont over-consume resources so that less is left for others and at the same time enjoy the liberties granted by the social contract. Its significant to note that the responsibilities are optimum that if there are more or less responsibilities there l eave be less to no liberty.The second reason is that responsibility is important for liberty to exist is that it encourages good decision making by making people accountable for their actions. Friedrich Hayek in his book Constitution of Liberty state that a free society depends more than any other on people being held obligated for their actions (American Spectator) Applying his idea, in lite it one is awarded tor achieving a set ot goals by the proper use of resources he/she was provided with, then that person should also not be helped and made to suffer the consequences of making a bad decision.In the long term, this suffering allow for help him make better decisions. Additionally, if the person doesnt suffer the consequences, he/she exit develop a propensity for xcessive risk taking which wouldnt be good for the society. Another consequence of not taking responsibility is that someone else ends up taking responsibility for it and then that person has a right to curb the latte rs freedom. For e. g. - if the government decides to bailout a firm which didnt make right decisions, then the government will force the company to take some hard decisions which might go against the interests of the people in that company.So, learnedness to take responsibility from bad choices increases self-ownership and thereby upholds ones liberty. It also improves one-self hich is always beneficial towards society. Libertarianism has two main principles the non-aggression principle and the preservation of individual rights and private property (Libertarianism). According to Libertarianism these are the only two responsibilities the person owes to other people in the community. He/she ought not to show aggression and encroach upon any other persons rights in the community.Any responsibility more than that comes at the cost of liberty. Based on the reasons that I gave, Libertarianism strikes a fine balance between liberty and responsibility by not placing laws that achieve a spe cific outcome irrelevant a eviathan government. At the sane times the laws that it places are minimal and only lead to a farther expansion of liberty among all. One doesnt want too many laws because that leads to a powerful government where there is no liberty and one also cant manage not having any laws because scarcity and greed will lead to a state of war of one against all.Libertarianism gives a solution that is somewhere between those two extremes. To conclude, libertarianism believes in the importance of individual liberty which can be found in the fundamental rights that people enjoy and duties/responsibilities hich people are obligated to follow. Its important for fundamental duties to exist because without which liberty wont exist. However, responsibility wouldnt have any meaning in the absence of liberty and that it derives its existence from the presence of the latter.

Ultrahigh Bypass Ratio Propulsion Systems Studied

celerate a jumbo mass of air by a small amount than to accelerate a small mass of air by a large amount. In a yellowish brown-jet jet engine, the airflow rate that bypasses the engine core divided by the airflow rate that travels through the core is called the bypass ratio. The bypass ratio, or BPR, is one of the key indicators of turbofan engine efficiency. The desire for better fuel efficiency has resulted in the evolution of commercial aircraft gas turbine engines from too soon turbojets (BPR=0), to low bypass ratio, first generation turbofans (BPR=1-2), to todays high bypass ratio turbofans (BPR=5-10).Now, ultrahigh bypass ratio (UHB) turbofans (BPR=10-20) are being designed for a next-generation, intracontinental commercial aircraft. This aircraft could enter service as early as 2020. The Intercenter Systems epitome Team, consisting of systems engineers from Glenn and Langley Research Centers, conducted an analytical feasibility study of UHB turbofans for NASAs Fundamental Aeronautics Program. With a little math, it can be shown that fuel efficiency increases along with BPR.The engine core, however, has a limited supply of power available to set off the bypass air stream, so it can be difficult to simply increase BPR arbitrarily. One agency to UHB engines and better efficiency is to reduce the fans pressure ratio, which lowers the fans power requirement and allows higher BPRs. Our analysis team designed nine notional UHB propulsion systems for this new aircraft along a parametric design sweep of fan pressure ratio. Using advanced computational tools, these propulsion systems were ana

Hum105 Week 1 Questiona Essay

1.The word myth, as utilize popularly is an accepted popular misconception accepted by many as truth.The academic definition as condition in our texbook is, Ancient narratives that attempt to answer the enduring and fundamental human questions How did the universe and the world abide by to be? How did we come to be here? Who are we? What are our proper, necessary, or inescapable roles as we tint to one an separate and to the world at large? What should our values be? How should we s focussing? How should we not be befool? What are the consequences of behaving and not behaving in such ways? (Leonard & McClure, 2004, p. 1).In other words, in this sense, myths are the storys that infract reason to the questions we have about our social beliefs and moral values.2.Myths seem to cross cultural barriers in their similarities imputable to a similar set of questions that we have no scientific answer for. Though religion and mythology enforce reasons as to why we act the way we do, where we began and what is right and what is wrong in our behavior, we do not have solid proof as to the reasons that these rules for living come from. From the beginning of time for any society, there has been the fill to establish a set of rules for establishing acceptible ways of living, and without giving a historical reason based in peoples own history, there is no real way of not having the argument that a people contribute make up their own set of values based on their own current, individual wants.3.There is a strong tie between belief, familiarity, myth and religion. Belief can be described as knowledge based on faith, rather than factual data. Myth is story that gives reason as to why we red-hot the way that we do and why we accept the set of values that we live by. Religion is belief in a reasoning as to how and what we believe as fact, and the the history of how we came to be as a true(a) happening. Religion is also what gives rules and consequenses for the ethics and mo ral rules in which societies use for their way of living.4.I believe that mythology has a state of affairs in contemporary culture as it has been a tremendous part of our history and explains many actions and reactions that our ancestors used in their decision making. From various ceremonies such as weddings and funerals, to old sayings, songs and stories, myth has been an important way in which tradition has been carried down through the generations and across borders into mixed societies. In both teaching their own young, and explaining to and entertaing members of other groups, mythology is a way of telling the story of the history of a culture in a way that is easy for most to understand.Leonard, S., & McClure, M. (2004). Myth and knowing. An introduction to world mythology . McGraw-Hill Company.

Aldosterone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aldosterone - Essay ExampleThe intention of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is shown at the Fig. 2.The renin is enzyme catalysing the reaction of the transformation of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II and the last one is partially converted into angiotensin triad (Wehling, 1995).Both angiotensin II and III stimulate the synthesis of aldosterone by the suprarenal gland glomerulosa layer . They bind to G-protein coupled receptors and stimulate the activity of phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase. This results in the increase of conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone and corticosterone to aldosterone (Horton, 1994 Fuller, 2006).Aldosterone controls electrolyte excretion and intravascular fluid volume. It acts on the mineralocorticoid receptors of the distal renal tubules and cortical collecting ducts of the kidneys. Aldosterone regulates such physiological mechanisms as resorption and excretion of the electrolytes, particular ly its action increases sodium resorption and thou excretion. Sodium and water reabsorption is regulated by opening Na+ channels in the apical membranes of the tubular epithelium (Fuller, 2006 Rosansky, 2006). Correspondingly, opening K+ channels leads to increased potassium conductance from the cell and potassium excretion. These processes are regulated by the Na+/K+-ATPase (see Fig. 3). Aldosterone receptors are localised intracellularly. Their stimulation leads to DNA-binding and to the revisions in the organisation of genes (Fig. 4).Fig. 4 Mechanisms of aldosterone action.There is interestingly that aldosterone do not only participate in the canon of bloodline pressure but it also influences on the function of mononuclear leukocytes (Chai, 2005 Wehling, 1995).Thus the role of aldosterone in the regulation of blood pressure is related to its ability to increase sodium level in the blood, and, respectively change the tonus of vasculature and by the increase of circulating vol ume of blood (Hamilton, 2006 Rosansky, 2006). Many pathological conditions can become hyperaldosteronism (Horton, 1994), which is characterised by the hypertension. Thus primary aldosteronism can be caused by solitary aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma or mono- or bilateral hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa. The patients suffering with aldosteronism have hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis whereas hypernatremia is not common.Aldosterone insufficiency causes hyponatriemia, hypovolemia, and hyperkalemia (Horton, 1994). There are many diseases characterising with the decrease of aldosterone biosynthesis, e.g adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenal hypoplasia, infections and excessive haemorrhages. Nevertheless, the most frequent cause of hypoaldosteronism is adrenal insufficiency, i.e. both aldosterone and cortisol secretion are affected. Thus fulminating sepsis, autoimmunic disorders and haemorrhagic

Is Violence the Only Way to Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Violence the all Way to Freedom - Essay ExampleThe essay Is Violence the Only Way to Freedom? discusses the Fanons ideas regarding the slip government agency out of colonization and a place of violence in this kind of system. Fanon suggests that violence is the only way out of colonization, which is based on the constant opposition between colonized people and colonizers. It is true that advocator is the main connector between colonists and colonies. This power is of violent, oppressive and humiliating character towards colonized people in order to state the victory and power of colonists. Even now the rests of the system divide each companionship into minorities and majorities which are often separated from one another. Fanon suggests that this Manichean world with the clear binary opposition loafer end only when colonized people collaborate and resist. He states that violent resistance with pain and snag lead people to freedom.If people have grassroots initiatives, local i ntellectual leaders, one program and shared out vision of the future, they can steadily move to decolonization utilizing non-violent methods of opposition. Violence from colonies will be definitely construe as danger and threat for their metropolis. Leaders of colonists often ready to violence and human sacrifice for the rice beer of common freedom, as it is stated by Fanon. Violence serves as a catalyst of this conflict escalation, it attracts attendance and sympathy, but it also creates a certain image of the colony, which plays against its successful chances to save their culture, identity, and dignity.

International Monetary Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Monetary Relations - Essay ExampleThis go out be centralized in one country hence policy setting as well as termination making can be improved on funds management. Execution is however, not personalized. Amongst the problems experienced, is up-to-dateness risk when the protect of exchange order is not monitored. The treasurer and CFOs of the MNCs need to understand fully how to organize, pass over and integrate business trading operations for efficiency in resource use. Globally, it has been seen that idling of cash of up to $80 billion is a loss to the economy. Such a huge cash flow not invested for 3 months is non-beneficial and in turn loses value. Effective global treasury is aimed at managing such funds seldom producing economic benefits. Other aspects to be considered include the reporting systems in use, managing cash flow and working capital, and strengthening governance. The abridgment shows that MNCs argon making detrimental decisions if errors are ma de. One example reveals a loss in the value of foreign exchange when a North American company erroneously paid the wrong employee in the wrong country. A reversal of the transaction saw the company lose part of its money. Spreadsheets programs predispose the MNCs to wide reporting. This can cause hedging of funds, to invest or to borrow where conditions do not depict so. The order is higher if the actions are taken across border and the foreign exchange as well supranational market enthronements are at the core for MNCs. The open currency system that is mostly applied intercontinental saw the North America Company lose its value for money. Government interventions are needed in order to globalize the treasurer to curb such effects. The foreign exchange can be abolished and investment made by MNCs be it currency forwards or currency futures or currency options will be easily managed through one currency system. Inaccuracy in cash forecasting is stated at 80% by treasurers. This is detriment to the economy since funds are not effectively managed and poor decision in currency derivatives can be made. Managing working capital is a key element in business operations. However, the managers in the MNCs find themselves in a predicament where working capital is held in regions where the MNCs are not established. A look at parity and forecasting for the MNCs would reveal that the interest parity rates as well as the purchase power rates are not considered in achieving the rudimentary goal- cash optimization. The inflation rates rising in some countries are not considered in this case. The purchasing power of products or service so created by the MNCs may be so low stellar(a) unprofitable endevours in some developing countries. Inaccuracy in cash flow reporting leads to improper forecasting and poor investment strategies. Financial risk should be critically assessed considering gains and losses that can arise in global business operations. The global treasury ca n assist in streamlining the decision making surgical operation if implemented effectively. MNCs are faced with currency exchange management in different countries. The fluidness of their operations in the near future can be analysed by measuring the currency movie. The transaction exposure can be obtained by assessing values of foreign suppliers and consumers, subsidiary and affiliated companies in relation to liquidity of the MNCs. The cash flows and overall working capital can be monitored to show the operational exposure for the MNCs. The

GREAT IDEAS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GREAT IDEAS - Assignment causaut the nature of reality for instance, taking things as they appear to an soulfulness without having to commit his senses to understanding them more(prenominal) by unlocking the hidden aspects through reading between the lines At which point an individual ascends progressively to high or best knowledge. In broadest terms, Platos wholeegory not only reveals how the cave is analogous with the somatogenic world, but also how ultimately elements of philosophy progressively develop into the best grade of knowledge with the ability, jibe to Plato, to form the best individuals suitably refined by this knowledge to occupy and perform their duties in variant levels of society according to their talents.Using the allegory of the cave, Plato sets out to explain a kind of ascent into knowledge, where an individual enters and emerges from the lowest and illusory grade of knowledge, and climbs to the level of the best knowledge of understanding reality. Thus t he cave and all it represents is analogous to the physical world where an individuals earlier judgments are seen to be mostly looking by experience. However by and large, through his interaction with science and the realities of how things work, the body of knowledge gained becomes a demand of improving and making better earlier impressions. This progressively leads to higher knowledge and the discovery of eternal ideas and forms same(p) Justice, Truth, and Beauty which help in creating essential structures and basis for citizens capacity building in a state.Ascending into higher grade of knowledge is important and will equip an individual with a great power of understanding and thus a refined capacity to make the best of any prone situation. But certain aspects and problems require specific and specialized attention, for instance a critically ill patient. excessively leadership require certain individual characteristics and qualities that the knowledge of philosophy alone may not give an

The Significance of the Lotus Flower in Buddhism Research Paper

The Significance of the Lotus boot in Buddhism - Research Paper mannequinBuddhism is widespread in the Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka (Theravada), and East Asia (Mahayana) (Suguro and Montgomery 3). Accordingly, it is influential to millions of adherents, of not only Buddhism, but in like manner Hinduism and Egyptology. Importantly to the Buddhists is the symbolic internal representation of the lotus flower as the seat of Buddha. To be noted is that unlike Asian deities are often depicted while seated on the lotus flower. This thereby boost portrays the purity of essence represented through its many flower petals diverse but brightly illuminate flowers. It is from this that the second major meaning of the flower is derived from purification of the human spirit, which is created into the murkiness of the world. Inadvertently, the third crucial representation is that of faithfulness, founded upon the fact that those who seek to be adherents, rising above the muddy waters, need to be followers who are grounded in their faith (Penney 48). The Lotus Flower is a major symbol in Buddhism, in addition to the Dharma wheel and the Stupa. It holds significant importance to adherents of Buddhism delinquent to existing legend, which portrays the greatness of Gautama Buddha who was born with the capability to walking as a child. Furthermore is that wherever he went, upon which ground he strode, different lotus. The Lotus Flower is a major symbol in Buddhism, in addition to the Dharma wheel and the Stupa. It holds significant importance to adherents of Buddhism due to existing legend, which portrays the greatness.

Nutrition 2B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nutrition 2B - Essay Examplengs regarding the fact that whether I am obtaining the required descend of nutrition or not from the intake of my favorite non-veg meals (KFC, Food).I am fond of KFCs cowardly buckets and thus, visit the outlet once a week. I majorly place position for the Kentucky grilled chicken (6 pieces) bucket and the extra crispy (6 pieces) bucket on alternate hindquarters. Apart from these two, I also order for rice bowl meals, desserts, mac & cheese and green beans for altering my taste. Thus, evaluating the nutritional value served within distributively bucket (6 pieces) of grilled chicken in the first step (KFC, Food).The above formulated tabular charts project a clear description regarding the percentage of nutritional value, which I get from the favourite foods I order in a KFC food outlet. The data provided within the table helps in determining that the ordered food combinations cannot provide the complete amount of calorific value, which I require on d ay by day basis as a diabetic patient. The level of saturated fat intake from the chicken bucket is proud in comparison to other food items depicted in the third table. Moreover, it can be observed that the percentages of sodium provided by each of the food products are quite high. The below provided table describes about the daily nutritional requirements for diabetic patients (Treatment For diabetes, 3 Diabetes Diet Meal Plan Guidelines).Apart from just sodium and large kilogram nutritionists calorie value, protein intakes through the consumption of the chicken buckets are also high in comparison to the regular calorie requirement. However, one specific benefit of consuming fast food combos is that the level of intake of trans fat is relatively low as can be understood from the tabular data. Thus, for consuming the appropriate amount of calorie and other specific intakes, it is necessary that I make certain alterations within the previous order combinations. Although being a big fond of the KCF chicken items, I will have to focus more on the

Discuss the extent to which Poverty Reduction Strategies represent a Essay

demonstrate the extent to which destitution drop-off Strategies represent a major changes in policy for the creative activity money box in relation to t - Essay ExampleMoreover, this review featured a chance to get it on the process, which was enhanced on the basis of preliminary evidence that was available. In this case, there were numerous issues that had to be obdurate and this gave rise to several questions, which were asked by NGOs. For instance, some of the hard questions to be asked related to assimilation of Poverty drop-off Strategy Paper (PRSP). In addition, this review sought to determine whether the process of implementing PRSP had met the expectation within stipulated administrative costs. This is a report focusing on assessing the changes that has occurred due to the implementation of Poverty Reduction Strategies by means of programmes constituted by World believe and IMF. On the other hand, it will discuss the way poverty has been utilise as a facilitating Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) among poor countries. In fact, this has resulted to a sever condition of their sparing crisis. The World Bank and IMF have formulated strict policy focused on operations involving Bank Fund. For instance, they have focused on assortment of prescriptions that argon merely classified as good governance. Nevertheless, there ar international donors, who have complied with the Bank development models that is featured in PRSP. As a topic of fact, this has failed significantly during the years that it has been implemented in the Global South. Apparently, World Bank and IMF have been avoiding ways to face the problems that has contributed to failure of implementing Poverty Reduction Strategies. Instead, they focus on evaluating the PRSP process, thereby identifying chance of replicating favourable practices. In this case, these practices are emanated from the PRSP process that is considered helpful. Moreover, this process is far much better compa red to other processes, which disregard poor people, thereby impose solutions without reference to specific subject plain besides, there are instances where the processes are derived without consulting the counties receiving the funds. Therefore, PRSP has been evaluated by several NGOs, and this has presumptuousness rise to a desire of determining whether the World Bank is still fixated to achieving their mission of eradicating poverty. Consequently, this leads to a genuine challenge in discussing the extent of implementing Poverty Reduction Strategy on the basis of policies implemented by the World Bank on the based on effects in the Global South. Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) A countrys macroeconomic condition is explained by the Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) (IMF-World Bank, 1999, 1). Moreover, Poverty Reduction Strategy features a structural and social policies, and programs that are focused on promoting growth as a way of reducing poverty. Therefore, PRS serves as a unassailable source of financing countries that are languishing in poverty (Robb, 2000, 2). PRS are established by the governments of respective countries through their participation in the process, which involve civil society and necessary development partners. In fact, this process involves the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) (IMF-World Bank, 2001, 1). On the other hand, the PRSP is written by a assumption country thrice in a period of one year. However, the content entailed in the PRSP varies from one country to the other through they all share a similarity of covering

Career, What do I have to do to become a Veternarian Essay

Career, What do I have to do to kick the bucket a Veternarian - examine ExampleBefore anything else, one must first complete his education and do well in studies especially if he is considering a profession that belongs to the field of science. One of which is becoming a veterinarian. It entails much causal agent to become a veterinarian and a someone who is considering this profession must do his best in all science related subjects. The struggle will begin during high school days because in these school years, he will have the first grasp the different science subjects and this will be the foundation of later studies within this field (How To go a Veterinarian).Performing best spot in high school will be an edge and most likely lend a better chance for the candidate to pass the entrance examination in college as a preparative for higher studies. Also, doing ones best during high school days will benefit the individual as he enters college because during these years, he only has to take up science related course and the focus will be much narrower. Chemistry, math and biology are the two most cardinal units in college that one unavoidably to excel in (FAQ About a Veterinary Career).If one is really dedicated to become a veterinarian, he must prepare for all the hardships of studying and memorization of numerous and different facts because victorious up a course in the science field is not an easy task (How To Become a Veterinarian?). Being in the field of science especially a course in veterinary medicine entails reading numerous, thick books. Because the field of science is constantly changing and improving, one must always keep himself updated of current trends.Finding and entering the best veterinary school will be an advantage (Fulton). But it does not end there. No matter how good the school is, what is more important is the individuals optimal performance in all subjects. The success of ones career does not lie with the school where the person earned his degree but on the knowledge that he has

Nervous systems,function and survival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nervous systems,function and survival - Essay ExampleSensory noisome system for instance sends operable information across to the CNS. The kind of information send through and through this channel is mostly gotten from external stimuli or from internal organs. From the CNS, the cells from the motor nervous system will carry loads of relevant information to organs, glands and muscles (Rudolf, 2008). just ab pop out elements of the nervous system perform such vital functions as contracting the bladder, constricting pupils as tumesce as inhibiting heart rates. These are d ace by the parasympathetic division of the nervous system. On the selfsame(prenominal) breath, the sympathetic division reverses these by speeding up the heart rate, relaxing the bladder and even dilating the pupils. This is in form of corrective measure to avert potential danger that accelerated heart rate thunder mug come with. It is said that each and every emotion that one experiences has to pass through the central nervous system. The CNS plays a pivotal role to initiate certain systems of reactions as soon as it is triggered. As soon as the CNS starts to facilitate these systems, thoughts, experiences and movements, it does so to reach the proportion of the body through organs, neurons and cells. A sense of fit is also vital to the body. This means that the body may want to stick to a strict mode of operation. The CNS manages to assist the body do this so as to enable one survive. Response to situations that are considered stressful are also controlled as much as possible, mostly through the launch of adrenaline that makes the stress patterns amaze little or no effect on the rest of the body. The CNS also manages to regulate serotonim production which has adverse effects on daily functions of life desire desire for sex, hunger and sleep (Valery, 2006). The human body has immune system that contains various organs. These organs have billions of cells that function towards facilitat ing immunity. The endocrine system always volcanos hormones that support CNS so as to enable peck or animals survive. The white telephone circuit cells are the major stars in this effort as they check for conflicting invaders in circulation of the blood. They facilitate immune response and fight against any unwanted materials that may invade the blood or the tissues. Living with stress tends to threaten the stability of an individual or an animal, and therefore homeostasis tends to restore the balance by responses that are either behavioral or physiological to onset intruders. The severity by which the intruders attack will act to activate the CNS which will in turn appoint the relevant adaptative responses. In this way the body stays quite safe and has the ability to fight diseases (Valery, 2006). Doctors have pointed out in studies that inflammations are the major causes of degenerative and chronic diseases like allergies, arthritis, cancer, diabetes chronic fatigue, heart d isease, lupus as salutary as many other diseases. This form of inflammation causes strong response witnessed from immune systems against pathogens that cause disease and physical injury. All these diseases have adverse effects on the immune system especially if they go through alongside stress. The immune system will be overcrowded and hence weakened leading to a agree state of affairs in the immune system and hence this exposes people to many other illnesses (Rudolf, 2008). Hormones release is majorly done to facilitate

Democratic Theory Debate Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

representative Theory Debate - Term Paper ExampleFollowing being remembered with the intention of polis, politics plus polity civitas, citizenship in addition to civility with demos furthermore democracy have ordinary origins, we ar supplied with descriptions of immaculate Greek citizens augmenting in the agora otherwise the pnyx, severe Roman citizens conscious in the republican council, in addition to European citizens getting their contracts in facade of the guildhall. Rousseau It is not that numerous factual suppose that we are fall down from the Greeks or else the Romans, or yet the medieval Europeans in some simple sum Nor would a lot of consider that as these chronological period the sense and applications of cities, democracy and citizenship have stayed unaffected. Somewhat, this imagery assemble and incite a made-up ritual that we are someway inheritors of an occidental custom that is respective(a) from and better to an oriental one. These pictures after that create not one but two civilizations. Bentham The picture of the righteous citizen is ineluctably connected with the occidental tradition whether it is asked throughout canonical believers for example Locke, St Augustine Cicero, Aristotle, and Marsilius or throughout sexual relation heroic wars where citizenship merits was exposed. Tom doubting Thomas This controversy though, tries neither to account these pictures nor subscribe how they have been built nor press methods in which diverse pictures could and should be shaped. These jobs have either been handled somewhere else or are at detain coming up to be handled. Rousseau Throughout the second semi of the twentieth century we observed a variety of applications that were initially thought as exterior the political, and which collected themselves as comparatively reutilized, tough and sound policies and knowledge, creating, passing, and introducing political commands and interpreting these commands into assertions for citizenship privil eges. Bentham This deviation and the resulting incongruence amid historical pictures and modern applications were extensively observed and argumentated. Though, two derisory reactions conquered these arguments. First, on that point are those accounts which understand the deviation and incongruence as refuse or finish and advise rekindling, reinvention and revival. Tom Aquinas The recent democratic outset of the city that came out in the untimely nineteenth century verbalize a fastidious formation of city regime, which happens to equivalent simultaneously with democracy and the state. In sagacity, city government was state administration summons little. Rousseau By affectation the difficulty of overriding cities as city government, that is, plot of ground an issue of governability of the state during the city as a bud vase, present communal and political conception frequently recognized democracy plus competence as rival meanings of city government. Bentham These pictures do not raise the constancy, asset, civism and obedience of the severe citizen but the subaltern, the additional, various and the uprising. Presently as researchers of current cities for example Holston

The development of the Digital economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The development of the Digital parsimony - Essay ExampleThese are very different from each other and are different from the preferably end products of industrialisation.The digital providence comprising of information, computing, and communications - is now the primary driver of economic growth and affectionate changes. It has reached a st bestride where it is no longer possible except to adapt and enhance oneself to the digital economy to avoid being left behind. A better understanding of these adaptations help in more effective decision making that translates into better solutions in research, products, or serve. The health of any economy has gone from the dependency on farming in the agrarian age to the industrial end products in the industrial age to the current digital or information age. The time period of growth fronts to be accelerated and considering that the digital age only began with the invention of the ENIAC computer about less than four decades ago, the world as seem to have progressed in leaps and bounds.Then, Tim Berners-Lee and some others joined to pioneer another great step the meshing. The Internet has die a critical component of the digital economy and the most influential. The impact of its power ceasenot be estimated. Internet commerce, which is arguably the most significant component of electronic commerce (e-commerce), includes consumer retail and subscriber line-to-business transactions online financial services media infrastructure and consumer and business Internet access services. Recent industry research shows that over one one thousand thousand people in the UK became Internet users for the first time during the third quarter of 1998. Fifteen per cent of the expectant population in this country have now visited the World Wide Web. This puts it some two eld behind the US, where web users now represent 37 per cent of the adult population, but ahead of Germany (ten per cent) and France (eight per cent).The Issues spari ng Implications Every economy is now affected by the emergence of the digital economy. It has changed all the aspects of business, social and heathen entities. The Internet, a main component of the digital age has brought about significant changes in the way business is conducted and the way people work and live. Lowered costs and increased productivity have heralded rethinking strategies in all aspects of the society. Dependency and undue influences of the digital economy has given rise to speculations of how far out these can go without backfiring on the basic aspects of life. Globally, it has seemed to widen the gap between the developed and developing nations while at the internally it has seemed to widen the gap between the rich and the poor due to the accessibility of the infrastructure.Changes in Organizations development technology has brought with it changes in the organisational performances, policies and people. Information technology has the potential to change the str ucture and performance of organizations and human enterprise. It has enabled companies to go global with ease and hence forth opened up the borders of the workplace. While it has created a new belongings of

Business for multi national Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business for multi national - act ExampleThere is a concept of separate legal identity which differentiates the assets of the company from its receiveers. However, in the eccentric person of Maxwell, the bills of different organizations were used by him as if they were his own money which is contradicting not only the honourable aspect, but also the accounting aspect of ownership and control.Maxwell should fill only used the pecuniary resource of the company even those funds should have been used after the approval from board. Maxwell used the funds of pension funds which belonged to employees and used them as collateral. This is an open violation of agency theory. The theory states that the trustees or lot who control the movement of funds are the agents acting on the behalf of the true owners of those resources and they should make the best potential decision for the resources that are entrusted to them.When the ownership and control are exercised in the disadvantage of the stakeholders than the relationship between the agents and tip is terminated. Then any loss accruing from the misuse of funds or resources accrues to the agent and not the principal. Maxwells share of loss in this case should have been larger and he should have been burdened with solely the resources that were due to his actions as an agent acting without the consent of principal.Maxwell disadvantaged the other stakeholders for the benefit of his own company. This is again something that is unacceptable from the ethical point of view and also from the regulatory and business point of view. The stakeholders suffered and in the end, Maxwell and his company suffered badly also. However, the funds that were loss due to his carelessness were not recovered and it base be seen in this case that when agent does something on this own behalf he is probably using the theme of self interest. That is one reason why law makers have developed the concept of Board of Directors that have to be c onsulted with so that

JPMorgan Chase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

JPMorgan Chase - Essay ExampleThe Commission enforces its ascendence alike by bringing civil enforcement actions against those who violate the securities laws (SEC, n.d.). On the other hand, the SEC as an everyplaceseer, watches over the key participants in the securities world, which include securities exchanges, securities brokers and dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds and heads in advancing the disclosure of substantial market-related information, maintaining fair dealing, and protecting against fraud (SEC, n.d.). The SEC also persistently works with the participants of the major market as well as investors in the securities markets to take note of their concerns and experiences (SEC, n.d.). The primary responsibilities of the Commission include interpreting and enforcing national securities laws issuing new rules and amending existing rules overseeing the examination of securities firms, brokers, investment advisers, and ratings agencies overseeing private regul atory organizations in the securities, accounting, and auditing fields and arrange U.S. securities regulation with federal, state, and foreign authorities (SEC, n.d.). The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on the other hand, is mandated to regulate goodness futures and option markets in the United States (US CFTC, n.d.). ... 2. Determine the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. The elements of a valid contract are parties competent to contract, a proper or lawful subject matter, consideration, interdependency of agreement or assent, and mutuality of obligation (Henke v. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 83 F.3d 1445 (D.C. Cir. 1996) Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. v. Moe Studio, Inc., 341 Ark. 231, 16 S.W.3d 531 (2000) Mallory v. City of Detroit, 181 Mich. App. 121, 449 N.W.2d 115 (1989) Rhode Island Five v. Medical Associates of Bristol County, Inc., 668 A.2d 1250 (R.I. 1996). It may also be offer, acceptance, and consideration (Gatlin v. Methodist Medical Center, Inc., 772 So. 2d 1023 (Miss. 2000) Sauner v. Public Service Authority of South Carolina, 354 S.C. 397, 581 S.E.2d 161 (2003) Shaw v. Smith, 964 P.2d 428 (Wyo. 1998). In every contract, there is always an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing (Lloyd Noland Foundation, Inc. v. City of Fairfield health care Authority, 837 So. 2d 253 (Ala. 2002) Wells Fargo Bank v. Arizona Laborers, Teamsters and Cement Masons Local No. 395 Pension Trust Fund, 201 Ariz. 474, 38 P.3d 12 (2002), as corrected, (Apr. 9, 2002)), where neither party shall do anything which would destroy or injure the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract (Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. v. PBL Consultants, 136 Ariz. 415, 666 P.2d 515 (Ct. App. Div. 2 1983) Okun v. Morton, 203 Cal. App. 3d 805, 250 Cal. Rptr. 220 (2d Dist. 1988) Dunfee v. Baskin-Robbins, Inc., 221 Mont. 447, 720 P.2d 1148 (1986) Spani sh Oaks, Inc. v.