20 Narrative Essay Topics on Nuclear Corrosion

20 Narrative Essay Topics on Nuclear Corrosion Expounding keenly on atomic force, its history and the job it has played in molding the human condition as we probably am aware it, is a specialized assignment that accompanies a great deal of exploration which could be very testing to the normal understudy. In this way, understanding parts of atomic erosion so as to choose a theme to compose on will assist you with requesting your considerations and put forth a concentrated effort usefully during the exploration stage. To conquer the referenced troubles over, this article will concentrate on furnishing the peruser with 20 energizing points on atomic material erosion that can fill in as your motivation, just as an example story paper which will be composed utilizing one of the subjects on the rundown beneath as its guide. Be that as it may, before proceeding with the rundown, here is a short diagram of the idea of atomic erosion; atomic consumption is the eroding of metallic materials utilized in an atomic plant because of outside impacts. Extreme consumption can prompt atomic mishaps and has been liable for a portion of the atomic calamities man has encountered in the twentieth century. 20 Interesting Narrative Essay Topics on Nuclear Corrosion: Material Corrosion in Nuclear Plants and its Economic Effects Successful Methods in Mitigating the Possibility of Nuclear Corrosion Putting forth a Defense for the Use of Corrosion Resistant Metals in Nuclear Power Plants Investigating the Role of Corrosion Resistant Metals as Safety Nets in Nuclear Plants Investigating the various Types of Nuclear Corrosion and their Causes Stress Controlled Cracking and its Effects on Nuclear Materials Earth Assisted Cracking Effects on Nuclear Materials Light helped Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear Power Plants Microbiologically Assisted Cracking and Why They Occur in Nuclear Power Plants Examining the Different Techniques for Combating Nuclear Material Corrosion A History of Security Measures for Nuclear Power Plants in the United States Making sure about the Earth’s Environment by Effective Nuclear Waste Disposal Policies Investigating Nuclear Waste Disposal Deficiencies and their Harmful Effects Atomic Corrosion: the Trade-off among Disaster and Economic Growth The Effects of Nuclear Corrosion on the Ecosystem How Secure are Nuclear Power Plants: An Objective Analysis of the Nuclear Industry The Economic Benefits of Nuclear Power and Corrosion Mitigation Talking about Next-age Nuclear System’s Impact on Nuclear Corrosion Alleviating Nuclear Material Corrosion using Control Policies Examining the Use of Corrosion Resistant Metal Alloys in Mitigating Nuclear Accidents Since you have your story exposition points, the following stage is building up your article by utilizing raw numbers to research, examine or clarify your situation on atomic consumption. So as to assist you with doing this, an example story article will be composed utilizing one of the points on the rundown. This will fill in as a basic guide for understudies on article composing. Test Essay: Material Corrosion in Nuclear Plants and its Economic Effects During the structure of an atomic force plants, different metal and metal combinations are utilized in building atomic reactors and centers. These metals and compounds are vulnerable to consumption and in circumstances when metals become eroded; the whole atomic plant becomes traded off with extensive financial impacts. My article will endeavor to investigate the monetary impacts of atomic consumption in the United States just as around the world. Atomic erosion is when outside sources which can be natural reason the metallic materials utilized in an atomic plant to erode. In the event that this consumption stays unchecked and gets across the board, the odds of radioactive gasses getting away into the earth’s environment are incredibly expanded. Tragically, since the commencement of the atomic business, consumption in atomic plants has been left unchecked and this has prompted atomic catastrophes in nations, for example, the previous Soviet Union and the United States. At the point when such mishap happen, it harms the earth and lead to inordinate capital use to tidy up radiation spills or man selective zones, for example, Chernobyl were security monitors are kept around its edge nonstop. Moderating these dangers and overseeing erosion is an extravagant duty. Measurements show that the United States spends roughly $20billion to oversee issues because of erosion in its atomic materials. While in Russia, the spending figures to oversee erosion from its protection division is roughly $10billion every year. The exercises that make up this sums originate from paying controllers who review atomic plants nonstop, just as continually changing materials that give indication of erosion. Different insights which mull over the expense of overseeing atomic erosion in all parts of a nation’s economy are very amazing. In first world nations Japan, Russia, United States-where atomic vitality is utilized in different limits, the complete expense of overseeing atomic consumption covers a third of these nation’s GDP every year. In the Us, $276billion is spent every year to oversee erosion and the around 100 atomic plants in the nation. It is additionally essential to take note of that the figures recorded above spread just the immediate expenses of consumption in atomic plants. Studies additionally show that consumption has its aberrant costs which are expected force blackouts, deferrals, cases and overhead expenses. Mulling over these circuitous costs, the number ascents to roughly $552billion spent every year because of consumption in the United States. Breaking these considers further along with the businesses answerable for such use we have; infrastructural costs costing roughly $22.6billion yearly, utilities at $47billion and creation and assembling industry at $17.6billion. All in all, it is imperative to take note of that despite the fact that keeping up atomic plants and erosion is a costly procedure, these measures are required to kill future atomic fiascos. Today, atomic vitality researcher are consistently attempting to set arrangements and best practice strategies to foresee consumption and building new-age atomic frameworks which will radically diminish the costs the atomic business creates. Here we reach the finish of today’s manage on composing a unique story article on atomic consumption. We would likewise like you to take note of that further perusing materials, for example, this article on 10 realities for an account paper on atomic consumption combined with an article on the most proficient method to compose a story exposition on atomic erosion are correlative materials we trust you should peruse. References: Ruler, F. (2009). Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Nuclear Waste Containers. Consumption, 65(4), pp.233-251. Saji, G. (2013). Chemico-physical reasons for Radiation-actuated â€Å"Long-cell† Action Corrosion in Water-cooled Reactors. Atomic Engineering and Design, 256, pp.102-116. Cox, B. (1962). Reasons for a Second Transition Point Occurring During Oxidation of Zirconium Alloys. Consumption, 18(1), pp.33t-36t. Feron, D. (2011). Atomic Corrosion Science and Engineering, Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 58(4). Maiya, P. Shack, W. Kassner, T. (1990). Stress Corrosion Cracking of Candidate Material for Nuclear Waste Containers Pg 46(12), pp.954-963. Copson, H. Berry, W. (1960). Capability of Inconel for Nuclear Power Plant Application 16(2), pp.79t-85t. Gong, Y., Yang, Z. what's more, Yuan, J. (2011). Disappointment Analysis of Leakage on Titanium Tubes inside Heat Exchangers in a Nuclear Power Plant. Part II: Mechanical Degradation. Materials and Corrosion, 63(1), pp.18-28.

The Religion of Rastafarianism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Religion of Rastafarianism - Term Paper Example The belief system of Rastafarianism rose up out of the dark laborers and the common laborers. The belief system developed from the translation of the prediction in the holy book as Garvey declared that a Black King would be conceived and delegated the Redeemer (MacFarlane, Nathaniel, and William 1-50). The delegated of Ras Tafari Makonnen as the ruler of Ethiopia on November 2, 1930, was a fortified the development. At the point when he was delegated the ruler, Tafari asserted the title of Emperor Haile Selassie I, which implied the intensity of the Trinity. Different titles agreed to Selassie included King of Kings and Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah. The Rastafari development picked up unmistakable quality and massive after during the 1930s. This hastened the spread of the development from Jamaica to the remainder of the Caribbean. Aside from Marcus Garvey, a portion of the movements’ early pioneers included Leonard Howell who was captured in light of spreading a precept that was seen as progressive. The capture of Howell fortified the development in Jamaica and other Caribbean countries (MacFarlane, Nathaniel, and William 1-50). Garveyism and the regulations of Marcus Garvey added to the Rastafarian development from numerous points of view. Garveyism was instrumental to the spread of Rastafarianism as it supported for the opportunity of blacks from social, financial, just as political mistreatment by the whites. Garveysim supported for the solidarity of blacks both in Africa and abroad. Marcus Garvey illuminated both the workers and bourgeoisie in Jamaica by imparting in them the expectation that the future will be splendid. Garvey forecasted that Africa and Africans would join together and ascend against the forces of the west.â â

Swidden Farming

Swidden cultivating or move cultivating alludes to an agrarian framework wherein fields are cleared, developed and fallowed (Vogt, 1999). Internationally, ranchers have utilized this framework for the last 8,000 years. It has from that point forward been related with the moving examples in development required by soil weariness (Vogt, 1999).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Swidden Farming explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More To recover soil fruitfulness and adventure supplements in a characteristic vegetation soil spread, ranchers need to consistently relinquish and move their cultivating destinations. In any case, regardless of its far reaching use, swidden cultivating is not, at this point practical in the contemporary social orders in the greater part of the creating nations (Vogt, 1999). Despite the fact that this cultivating method has been proficient before, it has end up being unreasonable with the present increment in the worldwide popula ce (Vogt, 1999). Past a specific populace limit, the manageability of the strategy stops as land efficiency neglects to meet the ever-expanding populace thickness. Likewise, the expansion in populace densities in creating nations has brought about land shortage as the accessible land is abused which leads diminished efficiency esteem (Vogt, 1999). With the annihilation of vegetation spread, soil quality is undermined and step by step gets poor in supporting harvest cultivating. Through cutting, slicing and consuming of vegetation spread, pulverization of soil supplements happen (Hirst, 1988). Therefore, soil ripeness may totally reduce for the former vegetation spread. As showed by most networks rehearsing swidden cultivating, the procedure involves chopping down trees from a virgin land (Hirst, 1988). From that point, the trees are utilized for charcoal creation. In the resulting year, the real estate parcel is determined to fire to permit the development of grass for steers. Throu gh this procedure, huge scope soil disintegration is generally unavoidable as there are no plant roots to offer help to the dirt (Hirst, 1988). Thus, water will inevitably wash away the couple of outstanding supplements from the dirt. Because of these negative effects on the dirt, moving cultivating has stopped to be economical as it profitability can't bolster the consistently expanding human population.Advertising Looking for paper on farming? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ultimately, the moving of land possession from network to people will in the long run face out moving cultivating, as there will be extensively restricted land accessible for these practices (Ballard, 2009). Singular land possession permits the development of land into little parts claimed by people or private endeavors. These little bits will require creative cultivating procedures to expand and build efficiency. Consequently, as more social orders m ove to receive singular land possession sooner rather than later, the act of move cultivating will gradually transform into an unreasonable cultivating adventure (Ballard, 2009). The work and time required in slicing and consuming in move cultivating is tremendous. Combined with its poor returns, move cultivating is right now impractical and uneconomical (Ballard, 2009). Rather, ranchers should investigate other elective cultivating methods to enhance their profitability and monetary returns. Among these favored choices is the reception of present day cultivating methods that permit the creation of adequate nourishment to take care of the expanding populace. Moreover, these procedures are ecologically well disposed and financially practical (Ballard, 2009). All around, environmental change has been the principle purpose behind diminishing ranch returns. An unnatural weather change happens because of the discharge of carbon dioxide and other green house gases. Swidden cultivating has been accused as a central donor of green house gases (Ballard, 2009). Therefore, the proceeded with utilization of this arrangement of cultivating brings about various unfavorable impacts on the earth. It is obvious that swidden cultivating isn't just impractical, yet additionally risky to the earth. References Ballard, C. (2009). Feasible cultivating. Mankato, Minn.: Arcturus Pub..Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Swidden Farming explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hirst, J. (1988). Little scope horticulture. Canberra: Commonwealth Foundation, Commonwealth Geographical Bureau and Dept. of Human Geography. Vogt, D. (1999). Swidden cultivating and neglected vegetation in northern Thailand. Stuttgart: Steiner. This exposition on Swidden Farming was composed and presented by client Shaniya O. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Essay Writing Course - You Need to Write an Essay

Essay Writing Course - You Need to Write an EssayYour first piece of essay writing is an essential and much needed tool. Without a good essay you will most likely not be anywhere near the top of the pile when it comes to the starting line for that prestigious college or university. Your essay writing should be no different, to the point, from your grammar and spelling, and your education.In some instances there is the need to cut corners here and there. This is to help keep a person's standards high. But it is always a good idea to get all the facts straight.Getting a perfect essay is extremely important, as it can determine whether or not you make it through the lines to the next level of school or work. Without the proper essay writing skills, many jobs will be blocked and you will be forced to repeat the process all over again.If you are serious about getting a job in your field, you must make it a point to write a great essay. This is why a very good essay writing course would be one of the best investments you could ever make. A good education does not mean the loss of money or stress, but this does make it a very important decision.The one thing you must never forget is that your essay needs to be written in a manner that lets the reader know your very personal point of view. In order to have a successful essay, it is imperative that you write a truly unique essay. The writing has to stand out in a crowd of similar essays. But in order to do this, you need to be able to direct your own attention to something new every time you write your essay.Your essay should be something that will challenge and educate. It is not just as easy as going to a library, picking up a pen, and spending an hour trying to think of what to write. This is one area where you must keep your head. If you do not know how to write an essay, then get a good essay writing course. They will give you the information you need and allow you to start writing your own good essay within no tim e.

Dystopia And Utopia In Animal Farm, By George Orwell

Every society has an innate desire to create an environment where all are equal. This idea; however, is almost impossible to attain. The story Animal Farm by George Orwell is an excellent example of why this goal is always out of reach. The animals wanted to create a better society for themselves where all are equal; nevertheless, as the story progressed, they ended up becoming the very dystopia they were trying to escape. The animals realized this at the end when â€Å"they looked from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which† (Orwell 97). How is it possible to start a society with the true intention of creating it equal only to end up being trapped in the same situation as before? Differences†¦show more content†¦Those that memorize the rules are going to follow them better than those who can’t learn them. More important than this is that because most the animals couldn’t read or learn the rules, they didn’t notice the pigs had changed them. For example, when the pigs started â€Å"...engaging in trade..† with humans and the animals questioned it Squealer â€Å"assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination...† (Orwell 45). Because of the animals’ lack of intelligence, they didn’t realize until it was too late that they were not following the original commandments. Lack of intelligence isn’t always the reason a society can segregate. A person can be intelligent; consequently, their level of moral standard is what causes the separation. The two best examples of this rift are the pig Napoleon and the horse Boxer. Boxer had high standards and a desire for all to be equal. â€Å"His answer to every problem, every setback, was ‘I will work harder!’† (Orwell 20) He truly wanted everyone to be equal and understood that he was a part of a greater whole. Napoleon, on the other hand, had low moral standards and put himself first. He cheated others out of equality by changing the commandments for his own benefit. One example Vikdal 3 was when the pigs moved into the farm house. When the animals questioned this, he lied toShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worse offRead MoreThe Impossible Utopia Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Jungwon Kim Mrs. Griffith English 10 GT 1 April, 2014 The Impossible Utopia â€Å"History consists of a series of swindles, in which he masses are first lured into revolt by the promise of utopia, and then, when they have done their job, enslaved over again by new masters† (Brander). Animal Farm, a farm with animals that are treated cruelly and dream for a better life in which animals are all equal and independent of depraved humans, is an allegory of the development of communism, even totalitarianismRead MoreEssay about Utopia Vs. Dystopia959 Words   |  4 Pages Utopia Vs. Dystopia Each person has their own vision of utopia. Utopia means an ideal state, a paradise, a land of enchantment. It has been a central part of the history of ideas in Western Civilization. Philosophers and writers continue to imagine and conceive plans for an ideal state even today. They use models of ideal government to express their ideas on contemporary issues and political conditions. Man has never of comparing the real and ideal, actuality and dream, and the stark facts ofRead MoreSimilarities Between The Truman Show And Animal Farm965 Words   |  4 PagesThe texts Animal Farm by George Orwell and The Truman Show directed by Peter Weir examine the ideas of power, the good life and utopia. In the novel Animal Farm, Orwell narrates the progression of animals engaging in a rebellion against their owner, who mistreats them. In the Film, the Truman show, Weir chronicles the progressive advancement of Truman’s freedom, for the reason that he is trapped in a fantasy world. Both Orwell and Weir address the two texts in a similar way. The passages correspondinglyRead MorePolitical Allegory In Animal Farm, By George Orwell834 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm is another book where the world is changed for the better yet life becomes either no different or worse. In George Orwells novel, â€Å" all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others†. Animal farm in a short summary is a small farm where the animals plot a rebellion against the humans, which they believe are corrupt. Two pigs, Snowball and Napolean, find themselves becoming the leaders of the animal rebellion. Throughout the story the animals create a communist likeRead MoreComparative E ssay Anthem and Animal Farm749 Words   |  3 PagesAyn Rand and Animal Farm by George Orwell are both written about dystopias, or the most imperfect and dismal society. Both authors write about humans –or animals- failing to create a utopia or perfect society. Though both authors use different points of view, language style, and voice the same theme is expressed: a perfect society where everyone is equal cannot exist. In Anthem, the main character, Equality 7-2521, rebels against the futuristic government he lives in, like the animals rebel againstRead MoreThe Giver ( Lois Lowry ), And Animal Farm1805 Words   |  8 Pagesembattered animal living on a farm where your owner, Mr. Jones, barely feeds you, and is often drunk, leaving you in horrible conditions. An old pig that everyone respects makes a grand speech of his dream of equality and the animals freeing themselves from the oppression of Mr. Jones. You and the animals rebel, only to have a brutal dictator usurp the rightful leader, and execute anyone who agrees with his banished opponent. These two scenarios are quick summaries of two timeless, utopia/dystopia novelsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1405 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis of Animal Farm The rebellion was to escape from people and their cruel ways, but can they escape the death-grip of their own kind? The animals of animal farms are mistreated and have no rights. Mr and Mrs. Jones were the owners of Manor Farm, the human oppressors, and authoritarians of the animals. The animals rebel against the Jones and take over the farm. They create a utopian society for themselves, but the utopia quickly turns into a dystopia when the pigs take control of the farm. In manyRead MoreAnimal Farm Corruption Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Animal Farm†. It shows how a utopia can turn into a dystopia in a blink of an eye. â€Å"Now comrades, what is our nature of life? To work until we die..† (Orwell 5). This quote shows the animal s way of thinking, and how they are becoming tired of the laborious working conditions in their lives. This shows the readers on how the physical life can lead to a revolt, as when a whole community gets angered about the same thing, usually, violence breaks out. With the rising tensions, the animals soonRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell2946 Words   |  12 PagesCould the world in Nineteen Eighty-four (1948) and Animal Farm (1945) ever really exist? Orwell believes it could. In Animal Farm, the pigs gradually twist and distort rhetoric of socialist revolution to justify their behavior and to keep the other animals in the dark. The animals embrace Major’s ideal of socialism, but after Major dies, the pigs began to altering his words. At end of the work, Squealer’s has repeatedly reconfigured the meaning and words of the Seven Commandments in orde r to decriminalize

Marriage Is A Difficult Proposition - 934 Words

It is a well-known fact, in today’s society, that establishing and maintaining a marriage covenant is a difficult proposition. Couples find it easy to fall in love, dream of a future together, and make commitments that they intend to keep. According to divorce rates, however, it is easier to say, â€Å"I do† and â€Å"until death do us part† than to cultivate the skills that are required to remain committed to a lifelong marriage relationship. According to, Goodwin, Mosher, and Chandra (2010), research has shown that approximately one-third of marriages in the USA end up in divorce within the first 10 years. Additionally, estimates are that around 50% of all marriages in the USA end up in divorce (Britzman Sauerheber, 2014). For many, the major reasons for these disconnects in marriage are deficits in effective marital communication, the inability to resolve conflict constructively, and the lack of commitment to making the marriage work (Balderrama-Durbin, Snyde r, Balsis, 2015; Balswick Balswick, 2014; DeMaris, Sanchez, Krivickas, 2012; Stanley, Amato, Johnson, Markman, 2006; Villa Del Prette, 2013). According to Leslie Parrot, co-author of Save Your Marriage Before it Starts (SYMBIS), for many years, marriage and family counselors have poured their time, effort and energy into helping clients work through these issues to find ways to repair the broken relationships (Serres, 2010). Parrot says that although this is still necessary and vital, she, along with other leadersShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution of Same-Sex Marriage976 Words   |  4 PagesSupporters call it marriage equality, and opponents refer to it as â€Å"redefining† marriage. The issue of legalizing same-sex marriage has evolved over the years. Same-sex marriage and the fight to legalize it publically started in 1972 in the ‘Baker v. Nelson’ Supreme Court case, which involved a Minnesota couple that was denied a marriage license. The couple ended up tak ing their issue to court but their trial was dismissed because the Supreme Court stated that the clerk was allowed to refuse same-sexRead MoreThe Debate Over The Right Of Consenting Adults1513 Words   |  7 Pagesbenevolence, but strengthens the concept of traditional marriage held most by those who oppose the extension of this civil right to our fellow Americans. No one person or government has the authority to prevent a citizen from experiencing a sense of attachment to another in any way. Further, aside from cases of public safety such as restraining orders, no citizen may be limited or controlled in their selection of cohabitants. Where, in this matter, marriage exists may be entirely spiritual as far as the cohabitantsRead MoreDiscrimination Against Gay Marriage is the Voice of Ignorance1447 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination Against Gay Marriage is the Voice of Ignorance Marriage is one of the fundamental establishments of the United States. As a young person, one looks forward to many goals in their lifetime: career success, a good life, and very often marriage to the person they love and a family together. This is one of the biggest parts of our American life and culture. Very few heterosexuals would be willing to put their right to marry on a ballot for voter approval, or even in their wildestRead MoreHollingsworth vs. Perry: Dispute Case Analysis685 Words   |  3 Pagesprotected from political consequences, but that downside is a necessary consequence of a system that strives for an independent judiciary. Determining whether justices should act according to the dictums of judicial activism or judicial restraint is difficult because both of those phrases have been very politicized in modern society. It is believed that any judge who does not follow conservative social policies is engaging in a type of judicial activism. For example, some early Civil Rights legal decisionsRead MoreThe Girl Child Marriage Act Of 20031134 Words   |  5 PagesCulture is said to be the way of life of people. It is difficult to divorce man from his culture as it defines him. Girl child marriage is one of the cultures of the Hausa people of Nigeria. Researches have shown that most Hausa women are married before they are in their early twenties. This culture has been frowned at by most Nigerians because it robs the girl child the opportunity to choose who she would have really loved to marry as she does not have the mental ability to make such a decisionRead MoreThe Rights Of Same Sex Marriage1582 Words    |  7 Pagesas the Marriage Protection Amendment, Proposition 102 was placed on the ballot and passed by Arizona voters in 2008, amending the state’s Constitution which defined the traditional sense of marriage between a man and a woman. However, on October 17, 2014, a federal judge disagreed with voters and overruled Prop 102, claiming that the ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional. Not long after the decision Attorney General Tom Horne stated that there would be no appeal and same-sex marriages wouldRead MoreThe Individual and the Corporation: Kathy Levinson and E*Trade a Case Study1566 Words   |  7 Pagesformed in the late 90’s in opposition to California’s Proposition 22 ballot measure legally recognizing marriage as a union only between a men and a women. Supporters of â€Å"Prop 22† viewed the measure not as a â€Å"gay marriage measure† but framed their argument to be about the â€Å"unfair, divisive, and intrusive nature of the initiative†. (Lardner, 1999) They felt they could appeal to the largest possible audience by looking at prop 22 not as gay marriage legislation but as anti gay discrimination. By playingRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1404 Words   |  6 Pagessame-sex marriage in America right now is convoluted since the political culture of each state varies. Marrying the person you love can be either effortless or unbelievably difficult— sometimes even illegal. Although it wasn’t openly spoken about, homosexuality was frowned upon in the United States. Some companies refused to hire people if they knew they were gay. Baker v. Nelson was one of the first court cases in which the legal system was challenged on the topic of same-sex marriage. The conflictRead MoreViolence Agains t Women ( Vaw ) Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesfemale child murder; pre-birth sex choice; obstetric roughness and swarm brutality; and additionally unsafe standard or conventional practices, for example, honor killings, endowment viciousness, and female genital mutilation, marriage by snatching and constrained marriage. A few types of brutality are executed or excused by the state, for example, war assault; sexual savagery and sexual servitude amid struggle; constrained disinfection; constrained premature birth; viciousness by the police andRead More Marriage in 18th Century Europe Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage in 18th Century Europe The major movement regarding marriage in the eighteenth century was from church to state. Marital laws and customs, once administered and governed by the church, increasingly came to be controlled by legislators who passed many laws restricting the circumstances and legality of marriages. These restrictions tended to represent the interests of the wealthy and uphold patriarchal tradition. Backlash to these restrictions produced a number of undesirable practices

Institutional Security and Violence free essay sample

Institutional Security and Violence Administration and leadership is the key to establishing and maintaining humane prisons by willing to carry out court mandated reforms. Disciplinary procedures are to provide for the fair and impartial determination and resolution of all disciplinary charges placed against inmates when they violate the rules, they may lose good time or be placed in segregation if the violation of the charges are serious enough. The physical layout of the facility is to keep society out and to keep inmates in, for the safety of inmates and staff the areas with little to no clear view need to have cameras, facilities are outlined with fences to prevent any attempts to escape, alarms and other security detection systems installed around the facility (Redding, 2004). Inmates who are affiliated with gang activity are often moved or transferred to other state institutions; other types of strategies used have been separation and isolation of the gang leaders and segregation of confirmed gang members (Trulson, Marquart, Kawuch, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Security and Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is usually conducted by the gang identification task force; every prison has an investigation unit that handles the gang identifications and takes pictures of affiliated tattoos, which identifies the gang name and their members. Grievance procedures are complaints and concerns from a prisoner to the administration in a formal way this is a method by which prisoners receives a written response, it does not undermine authorities, (Wallenstein, 1989). Humane institutions are to provide safety for the inmates as well as the staff in which rehabilitation is possible, including the protection of the inmates from victimization within the institution. Screening and classification of inmates are classified according to the risks they pose to other prisoners, personnel and the community, than are placed in the proper institution with the custody and management needs of the inmates (Redding, 2004). Staff training and education is an opportunity to assist officers in becoming a more efficient and effective officer, training is ongoing in the fforts of keeping the officers informed of the day to day changes made in procedures by the administration. The use of force by officers is necessary to enforce the law or to protect themselves or others from harm, officers use only the amount of force necessary to accomplish control of the offender, there are two types of force type one which is a type of escort techniques such as the goose neck, this a technique that applies pain to the wrist but does not break or permanently damage the wrist, this is applied if an offender acts up while being escorted from one area to another. Type two is used if the offender attacks or turns on the officer it consist of strikes and blows designed to stop an offender such as a stop kick or a palm blow to the forehead all of these uses of force are designed by professional hand to hand combat experts to provide officers ways of getting offenders to comply or for the officer to defend themselves without going over the use of force continuum, All use of force training is conducted by state or federally certified officers. References Redding, H. (2004). The components of prison security. Retrieved from http://www. ifpo. org/articlebank/components_prison_security. html Trulson, C, Marquart, J, Kawuch, S. (2008). Gang suppression and institutional control. Correctionsone. com, Retrieved from http://www. correctionsone. com/prison-gangs/articles/1842642-Gang-suppression-and-institutional-control/ Wallenstein, A M. (1989). Inmate grievence procedures. Jail operations bulletin, 1(11), Retrieved from http://www. ncjrs. gov/app/publications/abstract. aspx? ID=121048

Wilson Went To Private Schools His Whole Adolescent Life. When Wilson

Wilson went to private schools his whole adolescent life. When Wilson went to college, he studied to be a politician. Later Wilson decided he wanted to become a lawyer, this failed so he enrolled in school to study history. Over time, Wilson gained a lot of respect and rose to high places because of his essays and public addresses. As the University President, Wilson resigned and looked into the Democratic point of view on politics. Wilson moved on to become the 28th President of the United States. Wilson spent a lot of his time on making decisions rather than getting the grades to back him up. These wild ideas Wilson has made him absolutely fascinating to hear in public and people from all over came to hear him converse about his essays. The turning point on Wilson's life was when he made the decision to give up being things he wasn't; a lawyer, a historian, a novelist, and peruse what he was destined to do. Wilson felt his obligation was to humanize "every process of our human life." This dream however was shattered by war. The greatest achievement Wilson ever made was his cooperation with other nations to form the League of Nations and ultimately form the United Nations. For Wilson's efforts, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Wilson was greatly responsible for increasing US participation in world affairs. Wilson was a great president and a great public servant. He was a brilliant speaker and a fun loving, energetic man who pursued his ideas to lead the nation through hard times. A true hero in a part of history that needed one. Wilson, Woodrow (1856-1924). Bibliography The History of American President's CD ROM. (c)1994. Westing House. Encarta 95 & 97 Encyclopedia. (c)1994-1997 Microsoft. US History Book. (School Edition)

An Avian Flus Emergency Scenario in the State of Illinois

An Avian Flus Emergency Scenario in the State of Illinois Pandemics are a source of concern to any society in the contemporary world. They can either be man-made or natural. Regardless of their type, disasters pose a risk to human life and property. Avian flu is one such form of natural disaster that can wreck havoc in the society.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An Avian Flu’s Emergency Scenario in the State of Illinois specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also known as the avian influenza, the condition is brought about by naturally occurring viruses. The micro-organisms (Type A virus), are usually found in wild aquatic birds, domestic poultry, and other animal and bird species (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). In this paper, the author reviews two emergency scenarios involving avian flu outbreaks. In the first case, an occurrence of the pandemic in Chicago is analyzed. The parties in command of the response to the outbreak, as well as the coordination of activities of the various state and local agencies are some of the issues addressed in this scenario. In the second case, an outbreak in the larger state of Illinois is outlined. The author of this paper recommends several epidemic control steps to deal with the issue. The legal authorities involved in the response plan, as well as various factors that determine the success of the proposed plan, are some of the other areas analyzed in this section. An Emergency Scenario in Chicago, Illinois The Pandemic Under normal circumstances, avian flu does not affect humans. However, the virus can cause a serious pandemic if it finds its way into the human population. Such a case was reported in the 1918 ‘Spanish flu’ epidemic. Healthcare providers in Chicago have noted a growing number of individuals seeking health services as a result of symptoms associated with avian flu. After a careful follow-up, the authorities have determined that an influenza pandemic is de veloping. Taking Charge of the Incident The Illinois Department of Public Health would command the avian flu response initiative. The agency is tasked with the responsibility of addressing health issues in the state.Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) would be responsible for the coordination and the overall federal response to the avian flu (Homeland Security Council [HSC], 2007). The commanding status of DHS is strengthened through the appointment of pre-designated Principal Federal Officials (PFO), as well as regional PFOs, responsible for the coordination of influenza responses. Coordinating Resources and Working Together The management of the federal, state, and local resources determines the effectiveness of the response mechanism. The U.S. Government provides state and local authorities with guidance on the best pharm aceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. The federal and state authorities are expected come up with the best interventional measures to deal with the emergency. On their part, the local authorities play the role of implementing these proposals at the community level. The major role of the federal authorities is to fund the program (HSC, 2007). The state and local agencies ensure that the hospitals and the emergency departments have the capacity to handle the large number of patients affected by the condition. There are other issues that the two authorities need to deal with. For example, they need to provide healthcare workers with the necessary protective gear. They should also provide them with the information needed to handle the situation, together with the necessary materials and infrastructure (HSC, 2007). Given this scenario, the state and local authorities would be liable if anything happens to the personnel implementing the re lief programs. Laws, Rules, and Regulations Important for the Response The Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance would be essential in handling the pandemic. The regulation falls under the Justice Assistance Act of 1984 (HSC, 2007). It calls for maximum assistance from the U.S. Government. Other rules and regulations would be specific to the non-pharmaceutical measures of dealing with the pandemic. Addressing a Localized Cluster of Phase 5 Pandemic Recommended Epidemic Control Steps There are several control measures that can be put in place to deal with an outbreak that is restricted to a Chicago cluster. The primary control strategies for addressing the avian flu pandemic include prophylaxis among the individuals exposed to the virus. The strategy can be achieved through the use of antiviral medications, vaccinations, and the adoption of infection control and social distancing measures (Tyshenko, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An Avian Flu’s Emergency Scenario in the State of Illinois specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is not possible to develop a matching vaccine within a short duration to respond to the scenario. As such, social distancing and infection control measures are more appropriate. Voluntary home quarantines, dismissal of students from schools, isolated treatment for the infected, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions are recommended (Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). Invoking Legal Authorities to Respond to the Emergency Such legal authorities as the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S. Code 264), which falls under section 361, may be evoked to help in dealing with the situation. Applying the laws would facilitate isolation and quarantine efforts by the federal government (CDC, 2014). The act supports the enforcement of measures necessary for prevention of entry and spread of communicable di seases in the country. The federal government, through the various federal agencies, prepares and encourages communities, organizations, and businesses to deal with such outbreaks. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention might be forced to exercise its authority under section 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CDC, 2014). The code authorizes the agency to detain, medically examine, and release individuals arriving in the U.S. The persons who are taken through these procedures are those suspected of carrying infections. In most cases, travelers from regions hit by the avian influenza are more likely to carry the virus and infect people in other regions (CDC, 2014). Factors Affecting the Success of the Proposed Plan The success of the avian flu response plan would depend on various factors. One of them is the effective coordination of resources between the federal, state, and local authorities. In addition, enhancing the accountability of the various authorities in carrying out th eir mandate would facilitate effectiveness in the response initiative. Failure to synchronizing the activities of the assisting personnel would jeopardize the entire process. Organization is very important, regardless of the level of expertise among the personnel or the complexity of the equipment used.Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The federal government would be expected to provide the necessary support to the individuals and agencies involved in responding to the emergency. For example, the state’s Department of Public Health should effectively manage, supervise, and control the activities of all the stakeholders involved in the initiative. The major responsibility of local authorities would be to enhance cooperation from members of the public. Possibilities of Effectively Controlling the Outbreak Effectual coordination and definition of duties, as indicated above, would help to control the epidemic. Currently, the avian flu pandemic is at phase 5. Under such conditions, the proposed plan is likely to contain the epidemic, making sure that it does not deteriorate to phase 6. The Adequacy of the Government’s Plan The national government’s strategy to deal with the outbreak of, together with the efforts made by the Illinois’ Emergency Management Agency, appears adequate enough to de al with the problem. The authorities acknowledge the need for non-pharmaceutical and social distancing measures as immediate responses. For this reason, the efforts seem sufficient enough. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Seasonal influenza (flu): Information on avian influenza. Web. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). Interim pre-pandemic planning guidance: Community strategy for pandemic influenza mitigation in the United States- Early, targeted, layered use of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Web. Homeland Security Council. (2007). National strategy for pandemic influenza: Implementation plan one year summary. Web. Tyshenko, M. (2007). Management of natural and bioterrorism induced pandemics. Bioethics, 21(7), 364-369.

In what ways did the Puritans influence America in economics politics Essay

In what ways did the Puritans influence America in economics politics and religion - Essay Example This pragmatism and idealism was carried through subsequent generations on high flights of thought. The Yankee pragmatism and Puritan idealism became the two sides of the American coin, which united in the New England character for a primitive synthesis of the native mind Influence of Puritans on the American Economics To the Puritan, therefore, the drama of salvation, with its quest of certainty, seemed like an economy of redemption, with its promise of success. In the influence of the American economy, the New England Puritan was engaged in a great game of transcendental politics, playing in the market of chance with a sovereign god whose dice were always loaded. However, Fey (19) supported that, the Puritans’ typos influenced the economy of redemption thus balancing and harmonizing the economy of the 18th century that gave way to a more radical evolutionary conception of the economy in nature. Puritans looked favorably on the economic success, another characteristic of indi vidualistic values. Puritanism balanced the endorsement of economic activism with the aim of deterring behavior that led to poverty. In addition, Puritan moralists readily admitted that the poor were part of the human community and that charity could not earn spiritual merits. They suggested that those of means had a moral obligation to assist those poor whose poverty was no fault of their own. Puritan ethic affirmed human relationships. Some economics in America have considered a society’s view on the legitimacy of market-pricing and the charging of interest on loans to the main indicators of its friendliness to capitalism. As noted earlier, these issues were relatively small compared to the much broader issues of economic morality. But on pricing and marketing issues, the Puritans hewed to their logic: individual freedom in pricing and interest-collecting was endorsed, but this freedom was considered being absolute in the American economy. For instance, extreme price increa ses in time of scarcity were viewed not as a morally neutral, technical process that involved the supply and demand ideologies but as potential exploitation of others during the time of hardship. Various merchants including Robert Keayne discovered such limits on the market freedom when he was tried for excess profiting. As noted, property rights, wealth, and freedom to change interest or set prices were never viewed as absolute rights of individuals, but were contingent on serving a common good as well. Puritans were individualistic expressed mainly through a relational individualism that resisted tears in the human fabric (Frey 19). Influence of Puritans on the American politics According to Johnson (51), Christians of the early Roman period and for Puritans of the 17th century, prejudice was neither racist nor sexist but religious. That is what was commonly defined by many as cultural impact. This culturist behavior distinguishes exclusively most of the ideologies on the basis of moral character between some sense of the elect term and moral conscious. The same ambiguity was applied in large groups at the top and bottom of the social pyramid that English Puritanism characterized as the unproductive and parasitical individuals thus categorized as the apathetic. Cultural prejudice is a declining influence in modern American life. In it the conservative Puritan politics speak to a need for the accumulation of minorities; a mainstream theory of national identity as opposed to the mosaic theory for which most liberal minority leaders express preference. The Puritans made the social revolution to be slow in reaching the country. That allegation has been exempted not because the problem was solved, but

THE CLASSICAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD Essay

THE CLASSICAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD - Essay Example Muslims have ruled in different parts of the world beginning from 622 A.D. till the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the 1920s. During this long period of rule, Islamic art has gone through various changes rising and falling with the rise and fall of the different empires. Islam is a liberal religion and likewise it allows freedom to its followers within the limits of religion. Keeping this in mind the Islamic art has flourished in different periods and has been able to prove its identity in all aspects. However there has been a controversy regarding the use of figures in Islamic art and architecture. In this paper I would like to review the history of figural representation in Islamic art. Later I would like to comment on the use of figures in art and architecture from the Islamic point of view. The first examples of Islamic art appear in the period of the Caliph Umer where the amalgamation of classical and Iranian motifs and themes became prominent. The Dome of the rock in Jerusalem is a prominent example in this regard. The Dome reflects an amalgamation of the Greco-Roman, Byzantine and the Sasanian art. Islamic art emerged during the period of the Caliph Umer (661-750). This period is often considered as the formative period in the history of Islamic art (The Nature of Islamic Art, n.d.). Figural imagery was found in the Umayad palaces of the inland Levant such as Mushatta and the Khirbat al Mafjar (Allen, 1988). With the spread of Islam in different parts of the world, Islamic art continued to flourish under different influences. Despite the fact that Islamic art came under different changes due to different influences in different periods, the unique thing about it is that it has been able to maintain its individuality and identity. The most salient features of Islamic art are Calligraphy is regarded as the highest form of Islamic art. It is the art of writing Quranic verses in different

Time Management Essay Example for Free

Time Management Essay Introduction It is rightly said Time and Tide wait for none. An individual should understand the value of time for him to succeed in all aspects of life. People who waste time are the ones who fail to create an identity of their own. My Rational on my first action plan was: I have poor attitudes towards managing time, such as managing time to study. Developing effective study habits is important as they will help me to use my study time more productively and will also help to handle stress. Therefore, learning some effective memory techniques, developing a good support network and working with other class members will enhance our study habits (Anthony, 2012). So it is important for me to make an action plan about time management. Benefits of time management could be; Time Management makes an individual punctual and disciplined. One learns to work when it is actually required as a result of effective time management. To make the judicious use of time, individuals should prepare a TASK PLAN or a TO DO List at the start of the day to jot down activities which need to be done in a particular day as per their importance and urgency against the specific time slots assigned to each activity. A Task Plan gives individuals a sense of direction at the workplace. An individual knows how his day looks like and eventually works accordingly leading to an increased output (Management Study Guide [MSG]). If we do not have a proper time management skills, it will be more difficult to achieve the goals in your future. This report includes a deep research about time management skills. This includes a brief description of what is time management, how it helps in an organisation and some benefits improving your time management skills. And lastly the action plan with the actual outcomes. What is time management Time management is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling, and  budgeting ones time for the purpose of generating more effective work and productivity. There are an abundance of books, classes, workshops, day-planners, and seminars on time management, which teach individuals and corporations how to be more organized and more productive. Time management has become crucial in recent years thanks to the 24/7, busy world in which we live (Wisegeek, 2013). Time management is important for everyone. While time management books and seminars often place their focus on business leaders and corporations, time management is also crucial for students, teachers, factory workers, professionals, and home makers. Time management is perhaps most essential for the person who owns his or her own business or who runs a business out of the home. Managing work and home responsibilities under the same roof takes a special type of time management (Wisegeek, 2013). An important aspect of time management is planning ahead. Sometimes, successful time management involves putting in more time at the outset in order to reorganize ones life. Though many time management books and teachings differ in their suggestions, most agree that the first step in efficient time management is to organize the workspace or home. Even if ones schedule is well-ordered, but the office and filing system are a disaster, time will be wasted trying to work efficiently in a disorderly place (Wisegeek, 2013). Lastly, good time management involves keeping a schedule of the tasks and activities that have been deemed important. Keeping a calendar or daily planner is helpful to stay on task, but self-discipline is also required. The most efficient to-do list in the world will not help someone who does not look at or follow his own daily planner (Wisegeek, 2013). Time management helping in organisations. Time Management refers to managing time effectively so that the right time is allocated to the right activity. Effective time management allows individuals to assign specific time slots to activities as per their importance. Time Management refers to making the best use of time as time is  always limited. Time Management plays a very important role not only in organizations but also in our personal lives. (Management Study Guide) Time Management includes: 1.Effective Planning 2.Setting goals and objectives 3.Setting deadlines 4.Delegation of responsibilities 5.Prioritizing activities as per their importance 6.Spending the right time on the right activity Effective planning: Plan your day well in advance. Prepare a To Do List or a TASK PLAN. Jot down the important activities that need to be done in a single day against the time that should be allocated to each activity. High Priority work should come on top followed by those which do not need much of your importance at the moment. Complete pending tasks one by one. Do not begin fresh work unless you have finished your previous task. Tick the ones you have already completed. Ensure you finish the tasks within the stipulated time frame (Management Study Guide). Setting goals and objectives: Working without goals and targets in an organization would be similar to a situation where the captain of the ship loses his way in the sea. Yes, you would be lost. Set targets for yourself and make sure they are realistic ones and achievable (Management Study Guide). Setting deadlines Set deadlines for yourself and strive hard to complete tasks ahead of the deadlines. Do not wait for your superiors to ask you every time. Learn to take ownership of work. One person who can best set the deadlines is you yourself. Ask yourself how much time needs to be devoted to a particular task and for how many days. Use a planner to mark the important dates against the set deadlines (Management Study Guide). Delegation of responsibilities: Learn to say NO at workplace. Dont do everything on your own. There are other people as well. One should not accept something which he knows is difficult for him. The roles and responsibilities must be delegated as per interest and specialization of employees for them to finish tasks within deadlines. A person who does not have knowledge about something needs more time than someone who knows the work well (Management Study Guide). Prioritizing Tasks Prioritize the tasks as per their importance and urgency. Know the difference between important and urgent work. Identify which tasks should be done within a day, which all should be done within a month and so on. Tasks which are most important should be done earlier (Management Study Guide). Spending the right time on right activity: Develop the habit of doing the right thing at the right time. Work done at the wrong time is not of much use. Dont waste a complete day on something which can be done in an hour or so. Also keep some time separate for your personal calls or checking updates on Facebook or Twitter. After all human being is not a machine (Management Study Guide). Organized Avoid keeping stacks of file and heaps of paper at your workstation. Throw what all you dont need. Put important documents in folders. Keep the files in their respective drawers with labels on top of each file. It saves time which goes on unnecessary searching (Management Study Guide). Dont misuse time Do not kill time by loitering or gossiping around. Concentrate on your work and finish assignments on time. Remember your organization is not paying you for playing games on computer or peeping into others cubicles. First complete your work and then do whatever you feel like doing. Dont wait till the last moment (Management Study Guide). Be Focussed One needs to be focused for effective time management. Develop  the habit of using planners, organizers, table top calendars for better time management. Set reminders on phones or your personal computers (Management Study Guide). Benefits of time management. Its normal to hear time management discussed in business circles; yet, it is a topic that can be of great benefit to everybody. Time is a challenge for all of us, whether were business people, workers, students or stay at home moms or dads. There seems to be less time in todays world, and thats why its a lot more important to learn how to properly manage our time. In this article, we are going to be discussing a few key reasons why time management is so important (Marie, 2012). A big benefit of time management is just how that it boosts your productivity. It is something that almost everybody hopes to be able to do. Seldom do you hear of individuals who feel that theyve got adequate time to do the things they need and wish to do. In lots of instances, the problem is not not enough time but rather the fact that you do not have an efficient way of managing your time. Time management shows you how to set priorities, and to focus on how much time youre wasting every day. The idea is not really to put yourself under more pressure to try and do more, but to utilize your time more wisely so you appear to have more of it (Marie, 2012). One positive advantage of time management is decreased levels of stress. Not having enough time is one of the main reasons we experience stress. Think about how tense you feel if you are worrying about being late for a scheduled visit or if youre stuck in traffic. These issues relate to time, and if you have this type of situation often you could probably benefit from some training in time management. Learning how to control schedule so that overwhelmed us and become an issue indicates that you are supervising your time efficiently. We often believe that the solution to our problems is doing things faster, but it could be even better and more relaxing if we learn how to manage our time better (Marie, 2012). Time management doesnt just include boosting your productivity and  efficiency; you also want to feel more pleasure and a better quality of life. Time is an important component of life and so we feel better about our lives when we have the ability to control our time. Conversely, feeling that were running out of time can create an overall feeling that we arent good in some part of life. Those who are genuinely successful are aware that time management is a crucial skill they have to get good at. It could be the one determining factor that lets you live in the moment and appreciate your life instead of feeling that time is a merciless boss (Marie, 2012). Time management is very significant in our present times, even more so than in previous decades. Existing technology allows us to do things faster than before and yet we feel forced to continually increase the pace. As an example, we continue to have difficulty keeping track of the large number of available information even with computers and other gadgets that are extremely powerful. Time management is the component that can give us a sense of control over time so we can quit rushing and loosen up (Marie, 2012).

Electric Cars and Air Pollution Essay -- Environment Environmental Tec

The goal of electric vehicles is to reduce air emissions associated with typical internal combustion vehicles (ICVs), thereby decreasing the emission of environmentally damaging products such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Since electric vehicles run on electricity generated from batteries and do not emit air pollutants, these vehicles are termed zero emission vehicles (ZEV). CARB mandated that ZEVs be 2% of the total automotive sales by 1998 and 10% by 2003. The push for ZEVs raises serious concerns about the environmental impacts of ZEVs due to their production and use. Is CARB’s push for ZEVs premature given the present state of battery technology? Will the production of ZEVs lead to unforeseen environmental destruction? Or are ZEVs the answer to our air pollution woes? This paper analyzes the feasibility of electric cars and the impacts of their production on the environment. The components of air pollution have been attributed to a number of serious health and environmental consequences. For example, air pollution can lead to eye, nose and throat irritation, as well as complications in breathing. Some chemicals in air pollution, such as benzene, cause cancer while other chemicals may cause birth defects, brain and nerve damage and long-term injury to the lungs and breathing passages. Not only does air pollution create distinct medical problems, it also creates environmental problems as well. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide are three examples of gases released into the atmosphere each year as a result of the combustion processes. Billions of pounds of pollutants are released each year from power plants and motor vehicles. These pollutants are causing serious problems for the environment. Motor... ...):10-15 Rahman, S.; de Castro, Arnulfo. 1995. Environmental Impacts of Electricity Generation: A Global Perspective. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion. 10(2): 307-312 Renner, R. 1996. Life-cycle analysis stirs continued debate on impact of electric cars. Environmental Science and Technology. 30(1):17A-18A Roque, J. A. 1995. Electric vehicle manufacturing in Southern California: local versus regional environmental hazards. Environment and Planning A. 27(6): 907-932 Savage, J. A. 1994. The Road Warriors: Utilities and Automakers Square Off on Alternative Fuel Vehicles. Business and Society Review. 88:6-8 Tucker, M. 1995. The Shocking State of Electric Car Technology. Business and Society Review. 93:44-47 http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/peg_caa/pegcaa04.html http://www.epa.gov/OMSWWW/11-vehs.htm http://www.epa.gov/oar/caa/contents.html

Background of Technology Project Essay

The Project to be studied is an implementation of a work assignment and tracking system in an IT department in a medium sized company. The IT Department before the project was started, had undergone a management change and a reorganization due to corporate cost cutting and restructuring. The previous structure of the IT organization was teams of people that support specific applications in the system, and the business users of a particular application contacted the team assigned to their application for system enhancements and support. There was no system for managing and tracking projects and tasks, and it was left to the managers of each team to handle project prioritization, assignment and tracking. This structure was changed to a pooled resource structure where IT staff people were grouped by functional areas (such as mainframe support group, pc support group, web applications, etc). The IT structure was no longer hierarchical and the work was no longer handed down in a top down approach thus creating a need for a systematic way of managing people and tasks to function effectively. SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) The Life Cycle for this particular project did not exactly match the order of the phases as described in the Systems Development Life Cycle concept. Because of the immediate reorganization of the IT organization, current projects encountered delays and the IT procedures and tasks were disrupted. This prompted a need for a quick reshuffling of work between the new groups and a quick and dirty way to manage the work at hand and incoming work until a better system is implemented. Initiation The initiation of a system (or project) begins when a business need or opportunity is identified. This happened for this project when a CIO was appointed to head the new IT organization and was asked to reduce head count by pooling the resources while at the same time still provide timely and effective service to the business users of the IT systems and applications. System Concept Development Phase In this phase of SDLC, the business need has been approved and the approaches for accomplishing the concept are reviewed for feasibility and appropriateness. Several approaches were considered for tackling the problem in the IT department. The first approach was an Excel spreadsheet to list all IT personnel and their assigned tasks but this turned out to be too cumbersome and hard for several persons to use. An in-house developed web based system was also considered and was in fact implemented but was cancelled since it was not flexible enough to handle the different tasks of the different IT groupings and the different sources of work requests. The last approach was either to buy an existing package that would fit the requirements and customize it for the IT organization’s structure and procedures or develop one in-house. Planning Phase In the planning phase, the concept/approach is further developed to describe how the business will operate once the approved system is implemented, and to define project resources, activities, schedules, tools, and reviews to ensure the products and /or services provide the required capability on-time and within budget. The planning phase for this particular project was being done while simple solutions were being used and implemented since there were time constraints and something had to be in place right away. A team was assembled to look into existing applications within the company or packages out in the market that would fit the requirement and assess its flexibility and long term viability for the organization. That team also had to come up with a process flow of how work will be handled in the new IT structure to help in the use of the short-term solutions and to help in finding a long-term solution. Finally, two long term approaches were proposed. One was that of customizing the packaged software that was currently being used by the Help Desk to track PC and Mainframe work requests for PC Technicians and Mainframe System  Programmers, which was from a company called Remedy. The other was to develop a work flow system in-house. Requirements Analysis Phase In this phase, functional user requirements are formally defined and delineate the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The functional user requirements for this project detailed all the different tasks that an IT organization performs and the information that needs to be tracked for each such as requestor, status, assigned IT person etc. One of the main requirements gathered was that of accessibility of the work flow system. Different people will be entering work requests such as business users and help desk personnel and the user interface and performance requirements for the two types would be far different. So the chosen system should have flexible interfaces and need to communicate work status and results back to the requester in a medium that is accessible company wide. Another main requirement is that the system can be implemented quickly and should be flexible enough to easily add features in the future. Design The physical characteristics of the system are designed during this phase. For this project, after reviewing the requirements, the only option that would work was an out of the box solution such as the Remedy Action Request System. Since it was already being used by the Help Desk team, it has already proven itself as a flexible and reliable system to use. As a help desk software it allows entry of work request, assigns work, allows a way to log the progress of a request and stores all the history regarding a request. Design was simply a matter of finding out the customizable options and features in Remedy and designing it for the different IT groups formed. Since help desk work was different as compared to application development work, two type of request were designed and one was for support/problems and one was an enhancement to the system or major project that have subtasks and  involved lots of people with different roles and responsibilities. For the IT staff a client server platform was needed for faster execution, and for accessibility and ease of use, a simple web-based interface was designed for the business users since they don’t need to see too much detail. Since company wide communications was done through email, work assignment, status and results need to be communicated through this medium. Development, Integration , Test and Implementation Phase The four phases for this project was combined into one because of the time constraints and since it was a packaged software approach and the main components no longer needed development and testing. Most of the development involved loading tables that the package uses such as logon ids, departments, user data etc, and the customization of the user interfaces. The necessary components of Remedy were installed and hooked up with the web servers and the email system. Before final rollout, it was given a trial basis by one representative in each IT group and finalized based on the recommendations of each representative. Once the work flow system was ready, the IT staff were trained on how to use it and how work should flow through the organization. Conclusion The project as a whole went through a couple of cycles of the SDLC due to different implementations. But the final result was relatively successful since it incorporated the ideas that Trepper suggested in his article â€Å"Getting an edge on the competition† which was about process management. According to Trepper, process management † should also cover the establishment of actual development phases and activities, creation of a workflow among participants, and selection and implementation of tools and techniques best suited to the task.† This was accomplished by the Remedy AR system. The customized Remedy AR System also incorporated the two principal source of best practices as listed by Trepper which is industry best practice and ones  developed within the company. The Remedy AR System already had the industry best practice since it is a widely used system and the company best practices were incorporated through the customization of the system based on recommendations of the different IT groups.

How To Make a Prototype

Before 1880, every inventor had to present a working model or prototype of his or her invention to the patent office as part of the patent application. You do not have to submit a prototype anymore, however, prototypes are great for several reasons. Legally a prototype proves what is called a reduction to practice. The United States used to hold the  first to invent rule, granting a patent to the first inventor who conceives and reduces the technology or invention to practice, for example, a working prototype or a well-written description. Today the United States follows the first to patent rule. However, a prototype is invaluable for business dealings if your invention is still at that stage of funding. Do not underestimate the power of having one.You can include photos of your prototype in your inventors log book.A prototype helps you figure out any design flaws your invention has and if it really works.It can help you make sure your invention is the right size, shape, and form.A prototype helps you sell or license an invention. You can use it during demonstrations.Making one can prepare you to write your patent application and make your patent drawings. How to Make a Prototype Some of the steps listed below apply in different ways to different types of inventions, for example, a simple wooden toy vs a complex electronic device. Use your common sense to apply the steps in ways that make sense to your individual case. Make a drawing(s) of your invention. If available use the descriptions or drawing from your inventors log book. Keep all the sketches in your logbook.If you know how you might want to make a CAD drawing of your invention. Simple CAD (computer-aided design) programs exist that you might be able to use yourself.Make a non-working model of your invention out of foam, wood, metal, paper, cardboard. This will test your inventions size and form.Make or plan how to make a working model of your invention. Depending on your invention, you might be casting in metal or plastic. Write down all the materials, supplies and tools you may need and identify the steps needed to assemble your prototype. You might need simple to complex engineering drawings for any electronics. At this stage, you might want to pick up a book or kit on prototyping. You might need to contact professional for quotes on what any work you need to be done will cost.You have to figure out how much a working prototype will cost to make. Remember one copy might be very expensive to make. Mass production brings down the cost per unit. If you can make your own prototype and you can afford it, do it.Do your research on the latest methods and alternatives. For example, plastic injection molds are expensive, however, a method of CAD called Rapid Prototyping is an alternative.Depending on your invention, your prototype might be very expensive to make. If that is the case you might want to produce a virtual prototype. Today, computer programs can simulate an invention in 3D and can test that an invention does work. Virtual prototypes can be made by a professional and they cost a thousand or more. They can make you a video or CD animation of your invention working.You may have to create a real working model of your invention if perhaps a buyer or licensee demands one.You may have to hire a professional prototyper, engineer or designer at some point in this process. Our Prototyping Resources includes directories of professionals. Before Hiring a Prototype Maker Discuss your project thoroughly. Make sure that you can communicate well to this person.In advance, agree on fees for the entire project. Prototype makers can charge very high fees by the hour.Tell them exactly what you want to include with as many details as possible. Include your drawings and possibly your virtual prototype files.Make sure anyone you talk to signs a nondisclosure agreement with you before you publicly disclose your invention.